Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði


Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði - 01.01.1980, Side 202

Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði - 01.01.1980, Side 202
200 Janez Oresnik the history of Icelandic. The rule for the formation of the short impera- tive was formulated on the basis of the many pairs such as the long imperative haltu versus the short imperative ha.lt (of halda): the long imperative minus u = the short imperative. This clipping rule was then generalised to cases which did not participate in the formulation of the rule to begin with, with the result that clipped imperatives such as kond, takt, gerð, leggð arose from the long imperatives kondu, taktu, gerðu, leggðu, respectively.—Under the pressure from the long imperatives (e. g. kondu), which are the basic imperative variants, the clipped im- peratives (e.g. kond) are losing ground, just like the short imperatives (e.g. kotn), except in the one usage in which the long imperative (e.g. kondu) was of no avail: when the clipped imperative (e.g. kond) was followed by emphatic þú, e. g. Lest ÞÚ bókina, ekki hann.—The formal style has kept the short imperative + þú in this function—except with vert of vera and verða9—so that the clipped imperatives—barring vert —now occur in informal style only. The above aspects of the history of the imperative singular support my parallel account of the history of the lest and ferð types. In parti- cular, the history of the imperative singular shows that any 2. p. sg. form ending in suffixed þú is the basic morphological variant of that second person singular, and that the remaining variants of that second person singular are derived from their basic variant in suffixed þú through clipping. 1.3 I assume that the clipped 2. p. sg. forms lest and ferð were optional variants of the old short forms les and fer to begin with. But gradually the innovations (lest, ferð) prevailed over the inherited forms (les, fer) because the innovations (lest, ferð) were more than the inherited forms (les, fer) similar to their basic variants, the long forms (lestu, ferðu). Also, the process by which the clipped forms (lest, ferð) came into being is still active, and keeps producing the clipped forms. Another reason for the success of the clipped forms may be this. Most Icelandic verbs 9 The clipped form vert penetrated the formal style probably because it was more frequent than other clipped imperatives in the texts of the past centuries, and was therefore supported by the written tradition. More on this in OreSnik 1980.
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Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði

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