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Ráðunautafundur - 15.02.2001, Qupperneq 27

Ráðunautafundur - 15.02.2001, Qupperneq 27
17 Intensification not only produced surpluses of grassland products but also encouraged a trend towards increased specialisation with reductions in mixed farming and a progressive concentration of grassland on the wetter areas of the west and north. In short the subsidies not only encouraged uncoupling of supply and demand but also of agricultural practice and envi- ronmental well-being. This resulted in the accumulation of surplus products at the expense of an increase in water and atmospheric pollution and the loss of bio-diversity at both a local and national scale. Since the 1980’s, and specifically since joining the European Union (EU), food security has ceased to be and issue. Profitability of grassland systems has been encouraged through the adoption of precision agriculture leading to reduced inputs. But the emphasis is changing again and the political drivers of agricultural policy now relate strongly to public health, food safety and environmental protection. Increasingly, the elusive notions of sustainable devel- opment and sustainabie agriculture are creeping into EU policy and this will have significant implications for domestic agricultural strategies (Cobb et al. 1999a). SUSTAINABILITY There are no universally accepted definitions of sustainable agriculture but most interpretations in- corporate tlrree cqually important components: environmental quality and ecological soundness, plant and animal produc- tivity and socio-economic viability. The UK Minis- tn-- of Agriculture Fisher- ies and Food (MAFF) has defined it’s understanding of sustainable agriculture (Table 1) and two recent documents (MAFF 2000, MAFF 1999) clearly indicate the key issues facing Brit- ish agriculture and highlight the role of agriculture in helping to achieve sustainable devel- opment. In the UK, sustainable development has been defmed by the prime minister in a consul- tation document (DETR 1999) as being ’all about a new and integrated way of thinking about choices right across Government, and throughout society, so that we can all share in the high- est quality of life now, without passing on a poorer world to our children’. He goes on to say 'Perhaps more important than formal defmitions, however, are the key objectives which un- derlie sustainable development. Our vision of sustainable development is based on four broad objectives; Social progress which recognises the needs of everyone; effective protection of the environment; prudent use of natural resources; the maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment’. It is clear that agriculture plays a major role in sustainable development and thus the products of agriculture have to be viewed in a much more holistic way. Kirchmann and Thorvaldsson (2000) devised a checklist of quality components that should be integrated into Table 1. Sustainable agriculture (MAFF 2000). • Ensuring the continuing availability to the consumer of adequate supplies of wholesome, varied and reasonably-priced food produced in accordance with generally accepted environmental and social standards: • Maintaining a competitive and flexible industry which contributes to an economically viable rural society; • Ensuring effective protection of the environment and prudent use of natural resources; • Conserving and enhancing the landscape, wildlife, cultural and archaeo- logical value of agricultural land; • Respecting high levels of animal welfare.
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