Náttúrufræðingurinn

Ukioqatigiit

Náttúrufræðingurinn - 2023, Qupperneq 56

Náttúrufræðingurinn - 2023, Qupperneq 56
á landi og í sjó. Miðað við hversu hraðar breytingar hafa verið í hitastigi lands og sjávar er mikilvægt að fylgjast reglu- lega með fæðuvali refa og skoða hvort og það tekur breytingum í tíma og rúmi og þá hvernig. Þar sem íslenski melrakkinn hefur sýnt svo mikla aðlögunarhæfni og getu til að bregðast við miklu veiðiálagi og breytingum í fæðuskilyrðum sem raun ber vitni er rökrétt að spyrja hvort ekkert geti ógnað tegundinni hér- lendis. Svo má virðast. Hið hraða fall íslenska refastofnsins á árunum 2008−2012 sýnir þó að ut- anaðkomandi áhrif geta verið afar nei- kvæð. Þótt stofninn hafi síðan rétt úr kútnum er mikilvægt að kanna betur hvað kann að hafa verið þar á ferðinni og hvort stofninn sé nægilega sterkur til að hægt sé að tryggja honum ákjós- anlega verndarstöðu. Nýlega kom fram að íslenskar tófur geta hafi í sér mikið magn kvikasilfurs.41 Jafnframt hafa fundist vísbendingar um að íslenskar refalæður séu útsettar fyrir sýkingum sem geta valdið fósturmissi eða ófrjó- semi.42 Um þetta og aðrar nýlegar upp- götvanir verður fjallað í næstu grein, sem jafnframt verður sú síðasta í greina- flokknum um íslenska melrakkann. ABSTRACT As was revealed in the past article,9 the Arctic fox population varied from 1.300 individuals to a peak of at least 9.000 during the 60 years of harvest data and monitoring. It was implied that the rise and fall was driven by changes in prey populations, despite considerable hunt- ing effort. In this article, these drivers will be reviewed and discussed, with special focus on spatial and temporal variations in Arctic fox diet and how it can be related to limitation and regula- tion via breeding. In most other areas of the species’ distribution, popula- tion fluctuations have been related to changes in fertility via litter size. In lem- ming areas, Arctic foxes show numeri- cal responses to lemming fluctuations, with large litters in lemming peak years and small or few litters when lemmings are scarce. No lemmings or other cyclic rodent species occur in Iceland, and the Icelandic Arctic fox is a generalist pred- ator that commonly feeds on a variety of birds and eggs. In coastal regions, sea- birds are the main prey, but also fish, and carrion from marine vertebrates. Arctic foxes that live further away from sea, feed on ground nesting birds such as waders, geese, and ptarmigans but also carrion from large mammals such as reindeers. Recent studies on isotopic signatures from bones of Arctic foxes have revealed temporal trends in ac- cordance to changes in the population. Older studies on diet through scat and stomach analysis, and prey remains on dens, support these findings, suggest- ing that the Arctic fox is a generalist predator which has showed functional responses to temporal trends in prey populations. According to this, the Ice- landic Arctic fox population was limited by variation in prey species, especially ptarmigan, during the declining period (~1960-1980). Recovery, however, seems to have been mostly driven by increase in other bird populations such as sea- Yrðlingar af hvíta afbrigðinu við greni – Arctic fox cubs of the white morph on a den. Ljósmynd / Photo: Gyða Henningsdóttir. 56
Qupperneq 1
Qupperneq 2
Qupperneq 3
Qupperneq 4
Qupperneq 5
Qupperneq 6
Qupperneq 7
Qupperneq 8
Qupperneq 9
Qupperneq 10
Qupperneq 11
Qupperneq 12
Qupperneq 13
Qupperneq 14
Qupperneq 15
Qupperneq 16
Qupperneq 17
Qupperneq 18
Qupperneq 19
Qupperneq 20
Qupperneq 21
Qupperneq 22
Qupperneq 23
Qupperneq 24
Qupperneq 25
Qupperneq 26
Qupperneq 27
Qupperneq 28
Qupperneq 29
Qupperneq 30
Qupperneq 31
Qupperneq 32
Qupperneq 33
Qupperneq 34
Qupperneq 35
Qupperneq 36
Qupperneq 37
Qupperneq 38
Qupperneq 39
Qupperneq 40
Qupperneq 41
Qupperneq 42
Qupperneq 43
Qupperneq 44
Qupperneq 45
Qupperneq 46
Qupperneq 47
Qupperneq 48
Qupperneq 49
Qupperneq 50
Qupperneq 51
Qupperneq 52
Qupperneq 53
Qupperneq 54
Qupperneq 55
Qupperneq 56
Qupperneq 57
Qupperneq 58
Qupperneq 59
Qupperneq 60
Qupperneq 61
Qupperneq 62
Qupperneq 63
Qupperneq 64
Qupperneq 65
Qupperneq 66
Qupperneq 67
Qupperneq 68
Qupperneq 69
Qupperneq 70
Qupperneq 71
Qupperneq 72
Qupperneq 73
Qupperneq 74
Qupperneq 75
Qupperneq 76
Qupperneq 77
Qupperneq 78
Qupperneq 79
Qupperneq 80
Qupperneq 81
Qupperneq 82
Qupperneq 83
Qupperneq 84
Qupperneq 85
Qupperneq 86
Qupperneq 87
Qupperneq 88

x

Náttúrufræðingurinn

Direct Links

Hvis du vil linke til denne avis/magasin, skal du bruge disse links:

Link til denne avis/magasin: Náttúrufræðingurinn
https://timarit.is/publication/337

Link til dette eksemplar:

Link til denne side:

Link til denne artikel:

Venligst ikke link direkte til billeder eller PDfs på Timarit.is, da sådanne webadresser kan ændres uden advarsel. Brug venligst de angivne webadresser for at linke til sitet.