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ENGLISH SUMMARY
Volcanic eruptions are common in Iceland and have caused health
problems ever since the settlement of Iceland. Here we describe
volcanic activity and the effects of volcanic gases and ash on human
health in Iceland. Volcanic gases expelled during eruptions can be
highly toxic for humans if their concentrations are high, irritating the
mucus membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract at lower
concentrations. They can also be very irritating to the skin. Volcanic
ash is also irritating for the mucus membranes of the eyes and upper
respiratory tract. The smalles particles of volcanic ash can reach the
alveoli of the lungs. Described are four examples of volcanic eruptions
that have affected the health of Icelanders. The eruption of Laki volcanic
fissure in 1783-1784 is the volcanic eruption that has caused the highest
mortality and had the greatest effects on the well-being of Icelanders.
Despite multiple volcanic eruptions during the last decades in Iceland
mortality has been low and effects on human health have been limited,
although studies on longterm effects are lacking. Studies on the effects
of the Eyjafjallajökul eruption in 2010 on human health showed increased
physical and mental symptoms, especially in those having respiratory
disorders. The Directorate of Health in Iceland and other services have
responded promptly to recurrent volcanic eruptions over the last few
years and given detailed instructions on how to minimize the effects on
the public health.
Effects of volcanic eruptions on human health in Iceland. Review
Gunnar Guðmundsson, Guðrún Larsen
1Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 2Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja
building, 101 Reykjavík.
Key words: volcanic eruptions, Iceland, volcanic ash, volcanic gases, health effects, mortality.
Correspondence: Gunnar Guðmundsson, ggudmund@landspitali.is
bergi vegna eldgosa og áhrifa þeirra á heilsufar. Undanfarið hafa
Almannavarnadeild Ríkislögreglustjóra, Embætti landlæknis og
aðrir viðbragðsaðilar brugðist skjótt og yfirvegað við þegar eld-
gos hafa orðið og gefið vandaðar ráðleggingar til almennings og
heilbrigðisstofnana.38 Mikilvægt er að halda áfram að vera á verði
gagnvart eldgosum og bregðast skjótt við eins og gert hefur ver-
ið undanfarin ár. Þá er mikilvægt að halda áfram rannsóknum á
heilsufarsáhrifum eldgosa á menn, sérstaklega langtímaáhrifum.
Y F I R L I T S G R E I N