Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði - 01.01.2011, Page 108

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Höskuldur Þráinsson
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SUMMARY
‘Uncertain time of death: On M-umlaut alive and dead’
Keywords: umlaut, underlying forms, synchronic alternations, opacity, productivity,
Icelandic, Faroese
This paper continues the discussion in íslenskt mál yt and 32 of H-umiaut (derivation of /ö/
from /a/, arguably triggered by /u/) in Modern Icelandic. To set the stage, it begins with
a brief review of the concept of underlying forms in generative phonology and a compar-
ison of w-umlaut in Old Icelandic and Modern Icelandic. Then it points out that w-umlaut
in Modern Icelandic has two important properties that sometimes go unnoticed but dis-
tinguish it from typical inflectional rules: First, it is not restricted to any particular inflec-
tional category or word class, as it shows up in various inflectional categories of nouns,
adjectives and verbs, for instance. Second, it is sensitive to syllabic structure in that the
umlaut-triggering vowel (the /u/) has to be in the syllable following the vowel to be
umlauted, i.e. the umlaut cannot apply across a vowel. Thus both banönum and bönununt
are acceptable Dat.pl. forms of banani ‘banana’ (unstressed /ö/ can be weakened to /u/
and in turn trigger «-umlaut) but *bönanum is not (no «-umlaut across /a/), just like
*ökkerum is an unaccepable Dat.pl. form of akkeri ‘anchor’ but akkerum is fine (no
a-umlaut across /e/). The most innovative part of the paper is a systematic comparison of
a-umlaut alternations in Modern Icelandic and Modern Faroese. It is shown that w-umlaut