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Læknablaðið - 15.10.1991, Blaðsíða 27

Læknablaðið - 15.10.1991, Blaðsíða 27
LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 307 meðal sjúklinga með þvagleka, eða 74% borið saman við 35% meðal þeirra sem ekki höfðu þvagleka (15). í okkar rannsókn fannst einnig marktækur munur á dánartíðni þar sem 67% látinna eftir eitt ár höfðu greinst með þvagleka. Þegar kí-kvaðrat tölfræðiaðferð er beitt á þessar niðurstöður kemur í ljós, að þvagleki hefur marktækt spágildi um afdrif. Það má því líta á þvagleka sem sérstakan áhættuþátt en jafnframt finnst mikil fylgni milli þvagleka og annarrar fötlunar meðal aldraðra á stofnunum. Algengi þvagleka meðal aldraðra á stofnunum hefur ekki fyrr verið kannað á íslandi en samkvæmt erlendum hliðstæðum rannsóknum á algengi þvagleka innan stofnana eru niðurstöðutölur rannsóknarinnar sem hér er greint frá svipaðar (1,3). SUMMARY Prevalence and progress of urinary incontinence in elderly patients in iongterm wards. A prevalence study of urinary incontinence was performed on patients and residents in the City Hospital geriatric wards and associated nursing homes. Information on urinary incontinence was obtained from nursing staff. Included in the study were 220 patients, 173 women and 47 men. Of all patients, 53% were found to be incontinent of urine, the rate being equal for both men and women. Cognitive function, mobility and self sufficiency was graded into three functional categories. Urinary incontinence was strongly related with other disability and found in 82% of those with most severe dementia, in 92% of the least mobile people and in 87% of the least self sufficient ones. After six months, only two people had regained continence and seven people had become incontinent of urine. In one year, 55 people had died and 37 (67%) had belonged to the group of urinary incontinence. By this time the mortality rate for the incontinent group had become significantly higher (p<0.05). ÞAKKIR Sérstakar þakkir til Helga Sigvaldasonar Ph.D., verkfræðings, fyrir staðtölulega hjálp og Kristínar Vilhjálmsdóttur fyrir ritvinnslu. HEIMILDIR 1. Ouslander JG, Kane RL. Abrass IB. Urinary incontinence in elderly nursing home patients. JAMA 1982; 248: 1194-8. 2. Ouslander JG, Uman GC, Urman HN, Rubenstein LZ. Incontinence among nursing home patients. Clinical and functional correlates. JAGS 1987; 35: 324-30. 3. Kistrup K, Klintorp S. Incontinence of urine. Prevalence and treatment in a department for long term medicine. Ugeskr Læger 1986; 148: 1661-3. 4. Bates P, Bradley WE, Glen E, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function. J Urol 1979; 121: 551-4. 5. Pannill FC, Williams TF, Davis R. Evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence in long term care. JAGS 1988; 36: 902-10. 6. Sander S, Fossberg E, Beisland HO, Fames T. Urinary incontinence in elderly patients. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 1981; 101: 440-2. 7. Eastwood HDH, Warrell R. Urinary incontinence in the elderly female. Age and Ageing 1984; 13: 230-4. 8. Eastwood HDH, Smart CJ. Urinary incontinence in the disabled elderly male. Age and Ageing 1985; 14: 235-9. 9. Borrie MJ, Campell AJ, Caradoc-Davies TH, Spears GFS. Urinary incontinence after stroke. A prospective study. Age and Ageing 1986; 15: 177-81. 10. Tobin GW, Brocklehurst JC. The management of urinary incontinence in local authority residential homes for the elderly. Age and Ageing 1986; 15: 292-8. 11. Femie GR, Jewett MAS, Autry D, Hollyday PJ, Zorzitto ML. Prevalence of geriatric urinary dysfunction in a chronic care hospital. Can Med Assoc J 1983; 128: 1085-6. 12. Sier H, Ouslander J, Orzeck S. Urinary incontinence among geriatric patients in an acute care hospital. JAMÁ 1987; 257: 1767-71. 13. Mohide EA, Pringle DM, Robertson D, Chambers LW. Prevalence of urinary incontinence in patients receiving home care services. CMAJ 1988; 139: 953- 6. 14. Schnelle JF, Sowell VA, Hu TV, Traughber B. Reduction of incontinence in nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36: 34-9. 15. Campell AJ, Reinken J, McCosh L. Incontinence in the elderly: Prevalence and prognosis. Age and Ageing 1985; 14: 65-70.

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