Læknablaðið - 15.03.2013, Blaðsíða 15

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ENGLISH SUMMARY
Visual impairment and blindness in lcelanders aged 50 years and older - The Reykjavík Eye Study
Gunnlaugsdóttir E, Arnarsson AM, Jónasson F
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the cause-
specific prevalence and 5-year incidence of visual impairment and
blindness among middle-aged and older citizens of Reykjavík.
Material and methods: A random sample of 1045 persons aged 50
years or older underwent a detailed eye examination in 1996 and 846
of the survivors participated in a follow-up examination in 2001. Visual
impairment was defined according to World Health Organization defini-
tions as a best-corrected visual acuity of <6/18 but no worse than 3/60,
or visual field of 25° and <10° around a fixation point in the better eye.
Best-corrected visual acuity of <3/60 in the better eye was defined as
blindness. The causes of visual impairment or blindness were determ-
ined for all eyes with visual loss.
Results: The prevalence of bilateral visual impairment and blindness
was 1.0% (95% Cl 0.4-1.6) and 0.6% (95% Cl 0.1-1.0), respectively and
the 5-year incidence was 1.1 % (95% Cl 0.4-1.8) and 0.4% (95% Cl 0.0-
0.8), respectively. The prevalence of visual impairment among 60-69
year old participants was 0.6%, but among those aged 80 years or older
the prevalence was 7.9%. The major cause of bilateral visual impairment
and blindness both at baseline and follow-up was age-related macular
degeneration. Cataract accounted for less severe visual loss. The two
most common causes of unilateral visual impairment at baseline were
amblyopia and cataract. Cataract was the main cause of unilateral visual
impairment at 5-year follow-up.
Conclusion: Prevalence and 5-year incidence of both uni- and bilateral
visual impairment and blindness increases with age. Age-related
macular degeneration was the leading cause of severe visual loss in this
population of middle-aged and older lcelanders.
Key words: Age-related macular degeneration, blindness, cataract, incidence, prevalence, visualimpairment.
Correspondence: Elín Gunnlaugsdóttir elingun@gmail.com
'Department of Ophthalmology, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavík, lceland, 2Faculty of Medicine, University of lceland, Reykjavík,3Neuroscience research, University of Akur-
eyri, Akureyri.
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