Læknablaðið - 01.02.2022, Qupperneq 23
L ÆKNABL AÐIÐ 2022/108 83
R A N N S Ó K N
Heimildir
1. Hauksson E. Hringormasýking nokkurra fiskitegunda við Íslandsstrendur. Hafrannsóknir
1992; 43: 107-21.
2. Ólafsdóttir D, Hauksson E. Anisakid (Nematoda) infestations in Icelandic grey seals
(Halichoerus grypus Fabr.). J Northw Atl Fish Sci 1997; 22: 259-69.
3. Möller H, Anders K. Diseases and parasites of marine fishes. Verlag Möller, Kiel 1986: 365.
4. Roberts LS, Janovy J. Foundations of Parastiology. MC Graw Hill Higher Education, sjötta
útgáfa. Boston 2000: 670.
5. Shamsi S, Butcher AR. First report of human anisakidosis in Australia. Med J Aust 2011;
194: 199-200.
6. Nagasawa K. The biology of Contracaecum osculatum sensu lato and C. osculatum A
(Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Japanese waters: a review. Biosphere Sci 2012; 51: 61-9.
7. Buchmann K, Mehrdana F. Effects of anisakid nematodes Anisakis simplex (s.l.),
Pseudoterranova decipiens (s.l.) and Contracaecum osculatum (s.l.) on fish and consumer
health. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2016; 4: 3-22.
8. Skírnisson K. Hringormar berast í fólk á Íslandi við neyslu á lítið elduðum fiski.
Læknablaðið 2006; 92: 21-5.
9. Ihsikura H, Kikuchi K, Nagasawa K, et al. Anisakidae and anisakiosis. Prog Cli Parasitol
1993; 3: 43-102.
10. Caramello P, Vitali A, Canta, F, et al. Intestinal localization of anisakiasis manifested as
acute abdomen. Clin Microbiol Infect 2003; 9: 734-7.
11. Little MD, Most, H. Anisakid larva from the throat of a woman in New York. Am J Trop
Med Hyg 1973; 22: 609.
12. Pinel C, Beaudevin M, Chermette R, et al. Gastric anisakidosis due to Pseudoterranova
decipiens larva. Lancet 1996; 347: 1829.
13. Lick RR. Untersuchungen zu Lebenszyklus (Krebse – Fische – marine Säuger) und
Gefrierresistenz anisakider Nematoden. Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde der
CAU Universität Kiel 1991; Nr 218: 203.
16. Measures LN. Anisakiosis and pseudoterranovosis. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1393,
Reston, Va. 2014. pubs.er.usgs.gov – 2014.
17. Lin AH, Nepstad I, Florvaag E, et al. An extended study of seroprevalence of anti-Anisakis
simplex IgE anitbodies in Norwegian blood donors. Scan J Immunol 2013; 79: 61-67.
18. Hauksson E. Bráðaofnæmi gegn hringormum greinist á Íslandi í fyrsta sinn. Morgunblaðið
2. apríl 2014; 25.
19. Strømnes E, Andersen K. Growth of whaleworm (Anisakis simplex, Nematodes,
Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae) third-stage larvae in paratenic fish hosts. Parasitol Res 2003; 89:
335-41.
20. Ólafsdóttir D. Af hverju er minni hringormur í ýsu en þorski? visindavefur.is - mars 2000.
E N G L I S H S U M M A R Y
Karl Skírnisson
Institute for Experimental Pathology, Keldur, University of Iceland
Correspondence: Karl Skírnisson, karlsk@hi.is
Key words: Pseudoterranova decipiens, Anisakis simplex, anisakid larvae,
human infections, Iceland
Human Pseudoterranova and Anisakis cases in Iceland 2004-2020
During 2004-2020 in total 18 anisakid larvae (Nematoda) were sent in to the Laboratory
of Parasitology at Keldur for investigation and species identification. Fourteen had
temporarily lived within the human body and were alive when detected, three were noticed
alive in food just before being consumed, one larva was found dead. Pseudoterranova
decipiens was found í 16 instances (89%), Anisakis simplex in two (11%). The one Anisakis
case was a wriggling larva detected in the diaper of a baby that was believed to have
ingested the larva with undercooked fish three days earlier in the kindergarten. In the
other case a dead larva was found entangled in fish chew, spit out by a baby being fed with
boiled haddock.
Pseudoterranova larvae in humans (n=13) were most frequently detected in the mouth (11
persons). In one instance winding movements of larva in vomit of a baby attracted the
attention of the mother, in another case a person detected tickling movements of a larva
when cleaning the anal area after defecation. Length of the 13 Pseudoterranova larvae
varied between 30 and 47 mm. They were believed to have lived in their hosts from one
up to nine days. Nine larvae had already developed to the L4, stage, four were still in the
L3 stage. Cod was the most frequently mentioned source of infection (5 of 14 cases), two
persons regarded catfish to be the culprit, one named both fish species. In one case either
sushi or plaice was believed to be the infection source, one person presumably got the
larva participating in a sushi feast. In four cases the fish source remained unknown. Most
often the larva was consumed in private homes, three persons believed to have gotten the
larva when dining in a restaurant, a harbour worker got the worm when eating raw fish
and the same baby got a larva on two different occasions in the kindergarten.
doi 10.17992/lbl.2022.02.676
Greinin barst til blaðsins 12. nóvember 2021,
samþykkt 14. desember 2021.
Þakkir
Starfsfólk á sýkla- og veirufræðideild Landspítala sendi flestar
hringormslirfurnar til tegundaákvörðunar að Tilraunastöðinni á
Keldum, í nokkrum tilvikum komu þeir sem smitast höfðu beint
með þá að Keldum. Allir þeir sem hringormar bárust frá, sem og
forráðamenn barnanna, veittu mikilvægar upplýsingar um tildrög
smitsins í hverju tilviki. Matthías Ey dal og Droplaug Ólafsdótt-
ir aðstoðuðu við greiningar í nokkrum tilvikum og tveir ritrýn-
ar komu með ýmsar gagnlegar ábendingar. Öllum ber að þakka
verðmætt liðsinni.