Náttúrufræðingurinn - 2009, Síða 54

Náttúrufræðingurinn
54
Þakkir
Grant Gilchrist og David Irons liðsinntu við útvegun útbreiðslukorta, sem
eru hér endurbirt með góðfúslegu leyfi CBIRD-samtakanna. Flemming
Merkel og Greg Robertson veittu góð ráð og svörðu spurningum um
verndarstöðu æðarkóngs.
Heim ild ir
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Summary
Population overview of
eider ducks
Seabird populations are much discussed
because of possible impacts of global
climate change. Eider ducks (Somatereae)
are a monophyletic group comprised of
four species of specialized ducks that all
live along the Arctic coastline. Most
populations are listed as of special con-
cern with a few exceptions, notably the
Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) in
Iceland. The other species are King Eider
(S. spectabilis), Spectacled Eider (S.
fischeri) and Steller’s Eider (Polysticta
stelleri). Many populations are hunted,
especially those of Common Eider and
King Eider, where over-harvest has been
implicated as the cause of population
declines. All eider duck species face dis-
turbances from human activities, i.e.
from oil spills, contaminants, and drown-
ing in gill-nets. Climate change might
increase the occurrences of inclement
weather at the highest latitudes, which is
likely to negatively impact eiders.
However, reduced sea ice near breeding
grounds could be beneficial on a local
scale. Eider duckling survival is rela-
tively low during first days of life be-
cause they are sensitive to food shortage,
weather and predators during that time.
However, there are few data that indi-
cate that production limits eider duck
populations because adult survival is
the key factor for population stability
among long-living species. Future re-
search is critical as future prospects of
eider ducks greatly depend on impend-
ing changes and human activities
throughout their range.