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Læknablaðið - 15.02.2003, Page 31

Læknablaðið - 15.02.2003, Page 31
FRÆÐIGREINAR / LAUNEISTAAÐGERÐIR Þakkir Sérstakar þakkir fyrir veitta aðstoð fær Albert K. Imsland fyrir aðstoð við tölfræðiúrvinnslu og Jónas Ragnarsson hjá Krabbameinsskrá KI. Heimildir 1. Gough MH. Cryptorchidism. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 109-12. 2. John Radcliffe Hospital Cryptorchidism Study Group. Clini- cal dignosis of cryptorchidism. Arch Dis Child 1988; 63: 587- 91. 3. John Radcliffe Hospital Cryptorchidism Study Group. Crypt- orchidism: a prospective study of 7500 consecutive male births, 1984-8. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67: 892-9. 4. Thong MK, Lim CT, Fatimah H. Undescended testes: inci- dence in 1,002 consecutive male infants and outcome at 1 year of age. J Pediatr Surg Int 1998; 13: 37-41. 5. 0sterlind A. Testikelcancer i Danmark. Ugeskr Laeger 1986; 148: 418-21. 6. Fonkalsrud EW. Testicular undescent and torsion. Pediatr Clin North Am 1987; 34:1305-17. 7. McKiernan MV, Murphy PD, Johnston JG. Ten-year review of treatment of the undescended testis in the west of Ireland. Br J Urol 1992; 70: 84-9. 8. Berkowitz GS, Lapinski RH, Godbold JH, Dolgin SE, Holz- man IR. Maternal and neonatal risk factors for cryptorchid- ism. Epidemolology 1995; 6:127-31. 9. Akre O, Lipworth L, Cnattingius S, Sparen P, Ekbom A. Risk factor pattems for cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Epi- demiology 1999; 10: 364-9. 10. Mayr JM, Lawrenz K, Berghold A. Undescended testicles: an epidemiological review. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88:1089-93. 11. Elder JS. Cryptorchidism: Isolated and associated with other genitourinary defects. Pediatr Clin North Am 1987; 34: 1033- 53. 12. Pike MC, Chilvers C, Peckham MJ. Effect of age at orchido- pexy on risk of testicular cancer. Lancet 1986; 31:1246-8. 13. Elder JS. The undescended testis. Hormonal and surgical management. Surg Clin North Am 1988; 68: 983-1005. 14. Kirsch AJ, Escala J, Duckett JW, Smith GHH, Zderic SA, Canning DA, et al. Surgical management of the nonpalpable testis: The childen's hospital of Philadelphia experience. J Urol 1998; 159:1340-3. 15. Docimo SG. The results of surgical therapy for cryptorchid- ism: A literature review and analysis. J Urol 1995; 154: 1148- 52. 16. Moul JW, Belman AB. A review of surgical treatment of undescended testes with emphasis on anatomical position. J Urol 1988; 140:125-8. 17. Kogan SJ, Tennenbaum S, Gill B, Reda E, Levitt SB. Efficacy of orchiopexy by patient age 1 year for cryptorchidism. J Urol 1990; 144: 508-9. 18. Hazebroek FWJ, Molenaar JC. The management of the impalpable testis by surgery alone. J Urol 1992; 148: 629-31. 19. Rozanski TA, Bloom DA. The undescended testis, theory and management. Urol Clin North Am 1995; 22:107-18. 20. Saw KC, Eardley I, Dennis MJS, Whitaker RH. Surgical out- come of orchiopexy. I. Previously unoperated testes. Br J Urol 1992; 70: 90-4. 21. Gill B, Kogan S. Cryptorchidism. Pediatr Clin North Am 1997; 44:1211-27. 22. Pillai SB, Besner GE. Pediatric testicular problems. Pediatr Clin North Am 1998; 45: 813-30. 23. Pedersen P, Krabbe S. Kryptorkisme. Behandlingsresultat og henvisnings-m0nster hos en uselekteret patientpopulation i en 3-árig periode. Ugeskr Laeger 1999; 161:4632-5. 24. Action Committee Report of the Urology Section, American Academy of Pediatrics: Timing of elective surgery on the geni- talia of male children with particular reference to the risks, benefits and psychological effects of surgery and anesthesia. Pediatrics 97; 590,1997. 25. Chilvers C, Dudley NE, Gough MH, Jackson MB, Pike MC. Undescended testis: The effect of treatment on subsequent risk of subfertility and malignancy. J Pediatr Surg Int 1986; 21: 691-6. 26. Richie JP, Neoplasms of the testis. In: Walsh PC, ed. Campell's Urology. 6th ed. Pennsylvania, Saunders 1992; 1222-63. 27. Presti JC, Herr W. Genital tumors. In: Tanagho EA, ed. Smith's General Urology, 13th ed. Connetticut, Lange 1992: 413-25. 28. Pinczowski D, McLaughlin JK, Láckgren G, Adami HO, Pers- son I. Occurrence of testicular cancer in patients operated on for cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia. J Urol 1991; 146:1291- 4. 29. M0ller H, Cortes D. Engholm G, Thorup J. Risk of testicular cancer with cryptorchidism and with testicular biopsy: cohort study. BMJ 1998; 317: 729-30. 30. Cortes D, Visfeldt J, Möller H, Thorup J. Testicular neoplasia in cryptorchid boys at primary surgery: case series. BMJ 1999; 319:888-9. 31. Whitaker RH. Management of the undescended testis. Brit J Hosp Med 1970; 4: 25-37. 32. Ragnarsson J. The Icelandic Cancer Registry. Personal com- munication. 33. Guðbjartsson T, Magnússon K, Bergþórsson J, Barkardóttir R, Agnarsson BA, Ámundadóttir LP, et al. A population based analysis of increased incidence and improved survival of testicular cancer patients in Iceland. J Scand Nephr Urol 2002 (submitted). 34. Palmer JM. The undescended testicle. Endocrinol Metab. Clin North Am 1991; 20:231-40. Læknablaðið 2003/89 123

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