Læknablaðið - 15.02.2003, Síða 31

FRÆÐIGREINAR / LAUNEISTAAÐGERÐIR
Þakkir
Sérstakar þakkir fyrir veitta aðstoð fær Albert K.
Imsland fyrir aðstoð við tölfræðiúrvinnslu og Jónas
Ragnarsson hjá Krabbameinsskrá KI.
Heimildir
1. Gough MH. Cryptorchidism. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 109-12.
2. John Radcliffe Hospital Cryptorchidism Study Group. Clini-
cal dignosis of cryptorchidism. Arch Dis Child 1988; 63: 587-
91.
3. John Radcliffe Hospital Cryptorchidism Study Group. Crypt-
orchidism: a prospective study of 7500 consecutive male
births, 1984-8. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67: 892-9.
4. Thong MK, Lim CT, Fatimah H. Undescended testes: inci-
dence in 1,002 consecutive male infants and outcome at 1 year
of age. J Pediatr Surg Int 1998; 13: 37-41.
5. 0sterlind A. Testikelcancer i Danmark. Ugeskr Laeger 1986;
148: 418-21.
6. Fonkalsrud EW. Testicular undescent and torsion. Pediatr
Clin North Am 1987; 34:1305-17.
7. McKiernan MV, Murphy PD, Johnston JG. Ten-year review of
treatment of the undescended testis in the west of Ireland. Br
J Urol 1992; 70: 84-9.
8. Berkowitz GS, Lapinski RH, Godbold JH, Dolgin SE, Holz-
man IR. Maternal and neonatal risk factors for cryptorchid-
ism. Epidemolology 1995; 6:127-31.
9. Akre O, Lipworth L, Cnattingius S, Sparen P, Ekbom A. Risk
factor pattems for cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Epi-
demiology 1999; 10: 364-9.
10. Mayr JM, Lawrenz K, Berghold A. Undescended testicles: an
epidemiological review. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88:1089-93.
11. Elder JS. Cryptorchidism: Isolated and associated with other
genitourinary defects. Pediatr Clin North Am 1987; 34: 1033-
53.
12. Pike MC, Chilvers C, Peckham MJ. Effect of age at orchido-
pexy on risk of testicular cancer. Lancet 1986; 31:1246-8.
13. Elder JS. The undescended testis. Hormonal and surgical
management. Surg Clin North Am 1988; 68: 983-1005.
14. Kirsch AJ, Escala J, Duckett JW, Smith GHH, Zderic SA,
Canning DA, et al. Surgical management of the nonpalpable
testis: The childen's hospital of Philadelphia experience. J
Urol 1998; 159:1340-3.
15. Docimo SG. The results of surgical therapy for cryptorchid-
ism: A literature review and analysis. J Urol 1995; 154: 1148-
52.
16. Moul JW, Belman AB. A review of surgical treatment of
undescended testes with emphasis on anatomical position. J
Urol 1988; 140:125-8.
17. Kogan SJ, Tennenbaum S, Gill B, Reda E, Levitt SB. Efficacy
of orchiopexy by patient age 1 year for cryptorchidism. J Urol
1990; 144: 508-9.
18. Hazebroek FWJ, Molenaar JC. The management of the
impalpable testis by surgery alone. J Urol 1992; 148: 629-31.
19. Rozanski TA, Bloom DA. The undescended testis, theory and
management. Urol Clin North Am 1995; 22:107-18.
20. Saw KC, Eardley I, Dennis MJS, Whitaker RH. Surgical out-
come of orchiopexy. I. Previously unoperated testes. Br J Urol
1992; 70: 90-4.
21. Gill B, Kogan S. Cryptorchidism. Pediatr Clin North Am 1997;
44:1211-27.
22. Pillai SB, Besner GE. Pediatric testicular problems. Pediatr
Clin North Am 1998; 45: 813-30.
23. Pedersen P, Krabbe S. Kryptorkisme. Behandlingsresultat og
henvisnings-m0nster hos en uselekteret patientpopulation i en
3-árig periode. Ugeskr Laeger 1999; 161:4632-5.
24. Action Committee Report of the Urology Section, American
Academy of Pediatrics: Timing of elective surgery on the geni-
talia of male children with particular reference to the risks,
benefits and psychological effects of surgery and anesthesia.
Pediatrics 97; 590,1997.
25. Chilvers C, Dudley NE, Gough MH, Jackson MB, Pike MC.
Undescended testis: The effect of treatment on subsequent
risk of subfertility and malignancy. J Pediatr Surg Int 1986; 21:
691-6.
26. Richie JP, Neoplasms of the testis. In: Walsh PC, ed. Campell's
Urology. 6th ed. Pennsylvania, Saunders 1992; 1222-63.
27. Presti JC, Herr W. Genital tumors. In: Tanagho EA, ed.
Smith's General Urology, 13th ed. Connetticut, Lange 1992:
413-25.
28. Pinczowski D, McLaughlin JK, Láckgren G, Adami HO, Pers-
son I. Occurrence of testicular cancer in patients operated on
for cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia. J Urol 1991; 146:1291-
4.
29. M0ller H, Cortes D. Engholm G, Thorup J. Risk of testicular
cancer with cryptorchidism and with testicular biopsy: cohort
study. BMJ 1998; 317: 729-30.
30. Cortes D, Visfeldt J, Möller H, Thorup J. Testicular neoplasia
in cryptorchid boys at primary surgery: case series. BMJ 1999;
319:888-9.
31. Whitaker RH. Management of the undescended testis. Brit J
Hosp Med 1970; 4: 25-37.
32. Ragnarsson J. The Icelandic Cancer Registry. Personal com-
munication.
33. Guðbjartsson T, Magnússon K, Bergþórsson J, Barkardóttir
R, Agnarsson BA, Ámundadóttir LP, et al. A population
based analysis of increased incidence and improved survival of
testicular cancer patients in Iceland. J Scand Nephr Urol 2002
(submitted).
34. Palmer JM. The undescended testicle. Endocrinol Metab. Clin
North Am 1991; 20:231-40.
Læknablaðið 2003/89 123