Orð og tunga - 08.07.2019, Page 73

Yuki Minamisawa: Metaphor and Collocation 61
tains 25,000,522 words, with texts taken from diff erent sources such
as newspapers, books, blogs, and spoken languages between 2000
and 2010. With regard to planning text collection, the MÍ M is partly
modeled on the BNC (Sigrún Helgadó tt ir et al. 2012), so it seems ap-
propriate for use in comparing Icelandic and English.
When extracting metaphorical patt erns, search words must be se-
lected. According to Ensk-í slenska orðabó kin, the Icelandic equivalents
for anger are reiði and bræði, so these two words are selected as the
search words. A 4:4 window span is adopted (Krishnamurthy 2003),
but the analysis does not calculate over sentence boundaries. Finally,
all the extracted collocates are lemmatized.
As mentioned above, this study uses the MI score to determine
the centrality of reiði metaphors. In the analysis, only signifi cant col-
locates (MI ≥ 3) are considered. However, the MI score becomes un-
stable when the number of co-occurrences is very small (Church &
Hanks 1990), so this study ignores collocates occurring fewer than fi ve
times. All signifi cant collocates are then categorized as either meta-
phorical or non-metaphorical, and all of the metaphorical collocates
are classifi ed into various metaphors. In classifying these metaphori-
cal collocates, the present research mainly follows the classifi cation
in Kövecses (1990, 2000) and Stefanowitsch (2006), additionally refer-
ring to dictionaries such as Íslensk orðabók and Íslensk nútímamálsorða-
bók (hereaft er, ÍN). For example, Kövecses categorizes the expression
boiling with anger into the fluid metaphor and arouse his anger into
the animal metaphor. Accordingly, the Icelandic equivalent sjóða goes
into the fluid metaphor and vekja into the animal metaphor. In decid-
ing what words are Icelandic equivalents, Ensk-í slenska orðabó kin and
Íslensk-ensk orðabók are most oft en referred to.
4 Results and discussion
4.1 Significant collocates
The MÍM contains 758 examples of reiði/bræði (690 for reiði and 68 for
bræði). The procedure described above extracted 44 signifi cant col-
locates.
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