Árbók Hins íslenzka fornleifafélags

Volume

Árbók Hins íslenzka fornleifafélags - 01.01.1970, Page 116

Árbók Hins íslenzka fornleifafélags - 01.01.1970, Page 116
120 ÁRBÓK FORNLEIFAFÉLAGSINS dráttum, að skilin væru ekki svo mjög milli Norðurlands og Suður- lands, heldur miklu fremur milli austur- og vesturhluta landsins, þar sem mörkin væru í nánd við Skagafjörð að norðan, en mun óljós- ari að sunnan, allt frá Reykjanesi að Vestur-Skaftafellssýslu. Kjarn- inn á vestursvæðinu er Vestfjarðakjálkinn, en sömu einkenni finnast jafnan á misþéttu stangli suður að Faxaflóa og austur um Húnaflóa. Á Norðurlandi er Eyjafjörður heilsteyptasta svæðið, en Skaga- fjörður og Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla eru mjög áþekk að venjum. Fljóts- dalshérað er svo eðlilega aðalkjarninn á Austurlandi. Norður-Þing- eyjarsýsla virðist skera sig nokkuð úr að því leyti, að dagamunur sýnist þar í flestu fábreytilegri en annars staðar. Austur- og Vestur- Skaftafellssýsla eru hvor um sig dálítið sérstæðar, en Árnes- og Rangárvallasýsla einna fátækastar að sérkennum. Fróðlegt væri að gera ámóta úttekt á sérhverri þeirra 22ja spurn- ingaskráa, sem svör hafa fengizt við til þessa, til að prófa, hvort nokkur samsvarandi svæðaskipting kæmi þar í ljós. Það gætu orðið hjálpargögn í alhliða rannsókn á samskiptum og kynnum fólks milli einstakra landshluta og sérkennum hvers héraðs fyrir sig. SUMMARY First Day of Summer Old Icelandic time reckoning is, in some respects, unusual. The year was divided into two half-years, summer and winter. Normally the weeks were counted, not the months. Thus winter was usually 25 weeks and 5 days, and summer 26 weeks and 2 days. This made 364 days, and aftei' an interval of some years a week had to be added to summer for correction. These rules were established in the 10th and corrected in the 12th century. Among the common people, especially in the country, this method existed side by side with the official Christian time reckoning, and is still practised by old farmers. The months, January, February etc, were no part of time reekoning among the ordinary people in Iceland until the 18th century. In old time reckoning summer begins on the first Thursday after April 18th; in the Julian calendar, which was valid in Iceland till the year 1700, it began on the first day after April 8th. There is no proof that this system was used elsewhere in the world, but we must suppose that at least certain elements of it were in use in Northern Europe before the introduction of Christianity and the settlement of Iceland. The term „First Day of Summer" appears in Norw- egian documents from the 14th century. In Iceland we see this expression in the law manuscripts from the middle and the second half of the 13th century onwards. It is also used in all printed ca-
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Árbók Hins íslenzka fornleifafélags

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