Læknablaðið - 15.02.2002, Síða 31

FRÆÐIGREINAR / ÁHRIF LÝSIS / ÍKOMUSTAÐUR SÝKINGAR
áhrifum lýsisins er miðlað um ónæmiskerfið, eins og
við gerum ráð fyrir, ætti íkomustaður sýkingarinnar
að skipta litlu máli. Rannsókn okkar nú þar sem
mýsnar voru sýktar í lungu renna frekari stoðum
undir þá kenningu að lýsisáhrifunum sé miðlað um
ónæmiskerfið og endurspegli ekki staðbundin við-
brögð í ákveðnum vefjum. Hafa verður í huga að
fyrsta ónæmissvarið er nokkuð mismunandi í lungum
eða í vöðva. Við innspýtingu í vöðva er farið fram hjá
yfirborðsvörnum líkamans en við sýkingu í lungu eru
fyrstu varnir líkamans virkar. Yfirborðsvarnir í lung-
um eru þó ekki afgerandi í viðbrögðum við stórum
sýkingaskammti af Gram neikvæðum bakteríum.
Niðurstöðurnar benda til að jákvæð áhrif fáist
fram, óháð íkomustað sýkinganna. Þessar niðurstöð-
ur renna stoðum undir þá kenningu að lýsi virki á
almennt ónæmissvar líkamans.
Þakkir
Sonja Vilhjálmsdóttir annaðist dýrahald á Keldum.
Örn Ólafsson annaðist tölfræðiútreikninga. Styrkir
til rannsóknarinnar fengust frá RANNÍS, Nýsköpun-
arsjóði námsmanna, Lýsi ehf, Aðstoðarmannasjóði
Háskóla íslands og Vísindasjóði Landspítala. Sýkla-
fræðideild Landspítala lagði til bakteríurnar.
Heimildir
1. Bjornsson S, Hardardottir I, Gunnarsson E, Haraldsson A.
Dietary fish oil supplementation increases survival in mice
following Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Scand J Infect Dis
1997; 29:491-3.
2. Blok WL, Vogels MTE, Curfs JHAJ, Eling WMC, Buurman
WA, van der Meer JWM. Dietary físh-oil supplementation in
experimental gram-negative infection and in cerebral malaria
in mice. J Infect Dis 1992; 165: 898-903.
3. Björnsson S, Harðardóttir I, Gunnarsson E, Haraldsson Á.
Lýsisneysla eykur lifun músa eftir sýkingu með Klebsiella
pneumoniae. Læknablaðið 1997; 83: 289-93.
4. Bittner SB, Tucker WB, Cartwright I, Bleehen SS. A double
blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of físh oil in
psoriasis. Lancet 1988; 1:378-80.
5. Kremer JM, Lawrence DA, Petrillo GF, Litts LL, Mullaly PM,
Rynes RI, et al. Effects of high-dose fish oil on rheumatoid
arthritis after stopping nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
Clinical and immune correlates. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38:
1107-14.
6. Miura S, Tsuzuki Y, Hokari R, Ishii H. Modulation of
intestinal immune system by dietary fat intake: relevance to
Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13:1183-90.
7. Harbige LS. Dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in immunity and
autoimmune disease. Proc Nutr Soc 1998; 57:555-62.
8. Cheng IK, Chan PC, Chan MK. The effect of fish-oil dietary
supplement on the progression of mesangial IgA glomerul-
onephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990; 5: 241-6.
9. Peck MD, Alexander JW, Ogle CK, Babcock GF. The effect of
dietary fatty acids on response to Pseudomonas infection in
burned mice. J Trauma 1990; 30:445-52.
10. Rosa DM, Spillert CR, Flanagan JJ, Lazaro EJ. Benefícial
effect of cod liver oil in murine endotoxemia. Research
Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology
1990; 70:125-7.
11. Fevang P, Sááv H, Hpstmark AT. Dietary Fish Oils and Long-
Term Malaria Protection in Mice. Lipids 1995; 30: 437-41.
12. Fritsche KL, Shahbazian LM, Feng C, Berg JN. Dietary fish oil
reduces survival and impairs bacterial clearance in C3H/Hen
mice challenged with Listeria monocytogenes. Clin Sci (Colch)
1997; 92: 95-101.
13. Chang HR, Dulloo AG, Vladoianu IR, Piguet PF, Arsenijevic
D, Girardier L, et al. Fish oil decreases natural resistance of
mice to infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Metabolism
1992;41:1-2.
14. Hardardóttir I, Kinsella JE. Tumor necrosis factor production
by murine resident peritoneal magrophages is enhanced by
dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biochimica et Bio-
physica Acta 1991; 1095:187-95.
15. Yaqoob P, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. The effect of dietary
lipid manipulation on rat lymphocyte subsets and prolifera-
tion. Immunology 1994; 82: 603-10.
16. Khair-el-Din TA, Sicher SC, Vazquez MA, Wright WJ, Lu CY.
Docosahexaenoic acid, a major constituent of fetal serum and
fish oil diets, inhibits IFN gamma-induced Ia-expression by
murine macrophages in vitro. J Immunol 1995; 154:1296-306.
17. Hughes DA, Pinder AC, Piper Z, Johnson IT, Lund EK. Fish
oil supplementation inhibits the expression of major histocom-
patibility complex class II molecules and adhesion molecules
on human monocytes. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 63: 267-72.
18. Hughes DA, Pinder AC. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
modulate the expression of functionally associated molecules
on human monocytes and inhibit antigen-presentation in vitro.
Clin Exp Immunol 1997; 110: 516-23.
19. Magnusson V, Erlendsdóttir H, Kristinsson KG, Guð-
mundsson S. Comparative efficiacy of penicillin and ceftriax-
one against penicillin resistant pneumococci in a mouse
pneumonia model. In: ICAAC; 1995.
20. Paul KP, Leichsenring M, Pfisterer M, Mayatepek E, Wagner
D, Domann M, et al. Influence of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids on the resistance to experimental tuberculosis.
Metabolism 1997; 46: 619-24.
21. Thompson L, Cockayne A, Spiller RC. Inhibitory effect of
polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of Helicobacter
pylori: a possible explanation of the effect of diet on peptic
ulceration. Gut 1994; 35:1557-61.
22. Wang X, Sjunnesson H, Sturegard E, Wadstrom T, Willen R,
Aleljung P. Dietary factors influence the recovery rates of
Helicobacter pylori in a BALB/cA mouse model. Zentralblatt
fur Bakteriologie 1998; 288:195-205.
23. Thormar H, Isaacs CE, Brown HR, Barshatzky MR, Pessoano
T. Inactivation of enveloped viruses and killing of cells by fatty
acids and monoglycerides. Antimicrob agents chemother 1987;
31:27-31.
24. Byleveld PM, Pang GT, Clancy RL, Roberts DC. Fish oil
feeding delays influenza virus clearance and impairs produc-
tion of interferon-gamma and virus-specific immunoglobulin
A in the lungs of mice. J Nutr 1999; 129: 328-35.
25. Hughes DA, Pinder AC. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
inhibit the antigen-presenting function of human monocytes.
Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(1 Suppl): 357S-60S.
26. Calder PC. Can n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids be used as
immunomodulatory agents? Biochem Soc Trans 1996; 24:211-
20.
Læknablaðið 2002/88 119