Orð og tunga - 08.07.2019, Page 69

Yuki Minamisawa: Metaphor and Collocation 57
c. Ikari ga bakuhatsu suru.
anger nom explosion do
‘Anger explodes.’
(Examples from Matsuki 1995:140−141)
The examples in (4) clearly show that Japanese also has the fluid
metaphor. The expressions in (4a, b) are typical examples of the fluid
metaphor, and (4c) is an instantiation of the specifi c case of the fluid
metaphor when anger becomes too intense, the person explodes.
Although such similarities have always drawn researchers’ at-
tention, some diff erences have been found even between closely re-
lated languages. For example, Soriano (2003) performed a contras-
tive analysis of anger metaphors in English and Spanish. Soriano
(2003:111−112) found, for instance, that only English has the specifi c
case of the fluid metaphor the effect of anger on the person is steam
production as in to get all steamed up. With regard to emotions other
than anger, Stefanowitsch (2004:147) compared happiness/joy in Eng-
lish with Glück/Freude in German, stating, for example, that speakers
of American English tend to understand the att ainment of happiness
in terms of a commercial transaction because in America, commercial
transactions play an important role and people believe more strongly
in the power of money.
As such, while similar metaphors are observed in many diff erent
languages, some diff erences clearly exist at a more detailed level. In
Icelandic, Penas Ibá ñ ez & Erla Erlendsdó tt ir (2015) recognize the flu-
id metaphor (reiði er heitur vökvi í íláti), and give examples like
springa ú r reiði ‘explode with anger’ and það sý ður á einhverjum af reiði
‘someone seethes with anger’. However, as they do not go into detail
concerning this metaphor, there is still room for detailed discussion
on possible diff erences between Icelandic and English in this respect.
3 Corpus-based approach to conceptual
metaphor
3.1 Metaphorical pattern
Although recent research has successfully shown surprising consist-
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