Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1995, Page 69

Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1995, Page 69
73 The Faroese Whale Names W.B. Lockwood The present study considers the philology of the Faroese whale names. Úrtak Greinin henda tekur til viðgerðar føroysk hvalanøvn úr orðsøguligum sjónarhomi. Heimildimar vórðu fyrst kannaðar og gagnmettar, serstakliga við rættari eyðmerk- ing í huga. Nú er greitt, at føroyskt eigur ikki færri enn níggju nøvn á hvalinum Orcinus orca: tey reint innlendu bókhvítuhvalur, kjafthvíti, kobbahvalur, mastrarfiskur og -hvalur, steyrhvalur, æðuhvalur, fomnavnið vogn, sjónavnið nývil, og til seinast rovhvalur úr donskum. Nebbafiskur er eitt misnevni; tað má av røttum sipa til døglingin. Leiftur og nýðingur hava fyrr verið nøvn á springara og grindahvali. Nøvnini vórðu síðan uppruna- greind. Nøkur em sjálvlýst, men onnur opinbera ikki loyndarmál síni fyrr enn eftir málfrøðiligar greiningar, t.d. leiftur, fn. leiptr, bókstavliga ‘bjartleiki, birta’, ið sipar til hvítu merkini, ella nýðingur, fn. hnýðingr, mnn- ið av fn. hnúðr ‘knøttur, bøllur’, ið sipar til kúluna. Hitt serføroyska heitið hvessingur er leitt av sagnorðinum hvessa, smbr. setning sum hann gongur og hvessir ‘kemur við brádligum ilskukøstum el. -herðindum’, ein rámandi lýsing av atburðinum hjá hesum hvali í eini grind. AVGUSTUR m. Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus). The name goes back to Svabo (1781:71) »Augustur«, of which the current spelling is the regular normaliza- tion. Svabo’s orthography makes it certain that here we have the Christian name Au- gust provided with a Faroese termination. This name was first used in modem times in Germany in 1526. It soon became popu- lar, so that it could have been known in the Faroes as early as the 16th century. But this can hardly be the ultimate expla- nation seeing that personal names are not traditionally applied to marine animals. Svabo’s form may therefore conceal an old- er word made up of native eliments. In the Transactions of the Philological Society (1961) 3, we suggested that the prototype could have been *havgustur lit. ‘ocean gust’ (hav; *gustur from ON gustr). Unlike the baleen whales, the Sperm Whale has only a single blow-hole and blows forwards rather than upwards, a feature likely to at- tract attention and lead to the creation of a name. The nature of the prototype envis- aged suggests a noa word, reminiscent of OND (q.v.). See »HAF(F)ERRYTTE«. BÓGHVÍTUHVALUR Killer Whale (Or- cinus orca), lit. ‘Shoulder-White-Whale’, since Dýralæra 107 the standard term for this species. It goes back to Svabo, Indh. 71. Beúkvujtukveálur, described under Bovhvidhval 248 as follows: er afStørrelse og Skabning, som de største Grindhvale, giøre flokken vild, som er bange for dem. Den døer sjelden eller aldrig med Grinden. Although these sketchy remarks could, at a pinch, be held to refer to the Killer Whale, Svabo himself was unable to identi- Fróðskaparrit 43. bók. 1995: 73-84
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