Læknablaðið - 15.12.1996, Blaðsíða 18

844
LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1996; 82
það virkar sennilega mest í samspili við með-
ferðarstofnanir sem stöðva drykkju í lengri eða
skemmri tíma og veita hlutdeild í hinu næring-
arríka fæði íslendinga. Hin lága tíðni áfengis-
skorpulifrar á íslandi er árangur mjög vel
heppnaðra forvarnaraðgerða.
Þakkir
Örn Ólafsson veitti staðtölulega ráðgjöf.
Hildigunnur Ólafsdóttir las handrit og gaf
ábendingar.
HEIMILDIR
1. Jolliffe N, Jellinek EM. Cirrhosis of the liver. In: Jelli-
nek EM, ed. Effects of alcohol on the individual. New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1942: 272-309.
2. Crawford A, Plant MA, Kreitman N, Latcham RW.
Regional variations in British alcohol morbidity rates: a
myth uncovered? II: population surveys. Br Med J (Clin
Res Ed) 1984; 289: 1343-5.
3. Terris M. Epidemiology of cirrhosis ofthe liver: national
mortality data. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1967;
57: 2076-88.
4. Hauger-Klevene JH, Balossi EC. Liver cirrhosis mortal-
ity in Argentina: its relationship to alcohol intake. Drug
Alcohol Depend 1987; 19: 29-33.
5. Schmidt W. The epidemiology of cirrhosis of the liver: a
statistical analysis of mortality data with special refer-
ence to Canada. In: Fisher MM. Ranken JG, eds. Alco-
hol and the liver. New York: Plenum Press, 1977: 1-26.
6. de Lint J. Alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mor-
tality: the Netherlands, 1950-78. J Stud Alcohol 1981;
42: 48-56.
7. Skog OJ. Liver cirrhosis epidemiology: some mcthod-
ological problems. Br J Addict 1980; 75: 227-43.
8. Makela K. Levels of consumption and social conse-
quences of drinking. In: Israel Y, et al. eds. Research
advances in alcohol and drug problems. New York:
Plenum Press, 1978: 303-48.
9. Anonymous. Recent trends in mortality from cirrhosis
of the liver. Stat Bull Metropol Life Insur Co 1977; 58:
9-11.
10. Haberman PW, Baden MM. Alcohol, other drugs and
violent death. New York: Oxford University Press,
1978.
11. Maxwell JD. Accuracy of death certification for alcohol-
ic liver diseas (editorial). Br J Addict 1986; 81: 168-9.
12. Prytz H, Anderson H. Underreporting of alcohol-relat-
ed mortality from cirrhosis is declining in Sweden and
Denmark. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988; 23: 1035-43.
13. Haberman PW, Weinbaum DF. Liver cirrhosis with and
without mention of alcohol as cause of death. Br J Ad-
dict 1990; 85: 217-22.
14. Holder HD, Parker RN. Effect of alcoholism treatment
on cirrhosis mortality: a 20-year multivariate time series
analysis. Br J Addict 1992; 87: 1263-74.
15. Mann RE, Smart RG, Anglin L, Adlaf EM. Reductions
in cirrhosis deaths in the United States: associations with
per capita consumption and AA membership. J Stud
Alcohol 1991; 52: 361-5.
16. Noble JA, Caces MF, Steffens RA, Stinson FS. Cirrho-
sis hospitalization and mortality trends, 1970-87. Public
Health Rep 1993; 108: 192-7. '
17. Smart RG, Mann RE. Are increases in treatment levels
and Alcoholics Anonymous membership large enough
to reduce liver cirrhosis rates? Br J Addict 1990; 85:
1291-8.
18. Capocaccia R, Farchi G. Mortality from liver cirrhosisin
Italy: proportion associated with consumption of alco-
hol. J Clin Epidemiol 1988; 41: 347-57.
19. Parrish KM, Higuchi S, Muramatsu T, Stinson FS, Har-
ford TC. A method for estimating alcohol-related liver
cirrhosis mortality in Japan. Int J Epidemiol 1991; 20:
921-6.
20. Poikolainen K. Increase in alcohol-related hospitaliza-
tions in Finland 1969-1975. Br J Addict 1980; 75: 281-91.
21. Smith Dl, Burvill PW. Epidemiology of liver cirrhosis
morbidity and mortality in Western Australia, 1971-82:
some preliminary findings. Drug Alcohol Depend 1985;
15: 35^45.
22. Kreitman N. Duffy J. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver
disease in relation to alcohol consumption in Scotland,
1978-84. Part I: Epidemiology of liver diseases. Br J
Addict 1989; 84: 607-18.
23. Smart RG. Recent international reductions and increas-
es in liver cirrhosis deaths. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1988;
12: 239^12.
24. Skúlason H, Jakobsson F, Þjóðleifsson B. Faraldsfræði-
leg rannsókn á skorpulifur á ísland. Læknablaðið 1987;
73: 315-8
25. Anthony PP, Ishak KG, Nayak NC, Poulsen HE,
Scheuer PJ, Sobin LH. The morphology of cirrhosis.
Recommendations on definition, nomenclature, and
classification by a working group sponsored by the
World Health Organization. J Clin Pathol 1978; 31: 395-
414.
26. Bjarnason I, Magnússon B, Björnsson S. Idiopathic
chronic active hepatitis in Iceland. An epidemiological
study. Acta Med Scand 1982; 211: 305-7.
27. Olsson R, Lindberg J, Weiland O, Nilsson L. Chronic
active hepatitis in Sweden. The etiologic spectrum, clin-
ical presentation, and laboratory profile. Scand J Gas-
troenterol 1988; 23: 463-70.
28. Kirk AP, Jain S, Pocock S, Thomas HC, Sherlock S.
Late results of the Royal Free Hospital prospective con-
trolled trial of prednisolone therapy in hepatitis B sur-
face antigen negative chronic active hepatitis. Gut 1980;
21: 78-83
29. Guðmundsson S, Jensson Ó. Leit að lifrarbólgu B hjá
Blóðgjöfum. Læknablaðið 1978, 64: 91-5.
30. Löve A, Slanzeit B. Lifrarbólguveiru C sýkingar á fs-
landi. Greining og úrvinnsla. Læknablaðið 1994; 80;
447-51.
31. Thjodleifsson B, Axelsson J. Alcohol in Iceland. Nor
Counc Arct Res Rep 1978; 21: 59-65.
32. Thorarinsson AA. Mortality among men alcoholics in
Iceland, 1951-74. J Stud Alcohol 1979; 40: 704-18.
33. Lelbach WK. Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease.
Prog Liver Dis 1976; 5: 494-515.
34. Skinhöj P, Hart Hansen JP, Nielsen NH, Mikkelsen F.
Occurrence of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer in an
Eskimo population hyperendemically infected with hep-
atitis B virus. Am J Epidemiol 1978; 108: 121-5.
35. Qiao ZK, Halliday ML, Coates RA, Rankin JG. Rela-
tion between liver cirrhosis death rate and nutritional
factors in 38 countries. Int J Epidemiol 1988,17: 414-8.
36. Gray GE, Pike MC, Henderson BE. Breast cancer in-
cidence and mortality rates in differing countries in rela-
tion to known risk factors and dietary practices. Br J
Cancer 1979, 39: 1-6.
37. Ólafsdóttir H, Helgason T. Innlagnir á meðferðarstofn-
anir vegna misnotkunar áfengis og annarra vímuefna
1975-1985. Læknablaðið 1988; 74: 165-7.
38. Helgason T. Alkoholmisbrugets epidemiologi. Nord
Med 1984; 99: 290-3.
39. Ólafsdóttir H. I forandringens tid: Islansk alkoholpoli-
tikk i 1980-arene. Nord Alcohol Tidskr 1991; 8: 342-51.