Jökull


Jökull - 01.01.2012, Side 70

Jökull - 01.01.2012, Side 70
E. R. Guðmundsdóttir et al. ÁGRIP Fram til þessa hafa verið borin kennsl á 130 gjóskulög í setlögum á íslenska landgrunninu frá nútíma og síð- jökultíma. Elsta gjóskulagið er um 15.000 ára gam- alt og það yngsta frá árinu 1947. Gjóskulög hafa fundist í 30 sjávarsetkjörnum. Flestir kjarnanna eru á norðanverðu landgrunninu og meirihluti gjóskulag- ana hefur fundist þar. Á vestan- og sunnanverðu land- grunninu hefur mun færri gjóskulögum verið lýst. Af þessum 130 gjóskulögum hefur verið hægt að tengja 40 gjóskulög við gjóskulög á landi, bæði hérlendis og erlendis og þar af eru 26 tímasett gjóskuleiðarlög. Flestar tenginganna spanna síðustu 7050 ár. Saks- unarvatn og Vedde gjóskulögin eru einu lögin sem lýst hefur verið á öllum þeim svæðum landgrunnsins sem hafa verið rannsökuð. Gjóskuleiðarlög hafa gegnt mikilvægu hlutverki í að meta umhverfisbreytingar í hafinu, þ.a.m. breytingar í sýndaraldri sjávar við strendur landsins. Gjóskulagaskipanin á norðanverðu landgrunni Íslands gefur upplýsingar um eldvirkni ís- lenskra eldfjalla lengra aftur í tímann en gjóskulaga- skipan á landi og er því mikilvæg viðbót við þekkingu á gossögu Íslands. REFERENCES Abbott, P. M., S. M. Davies, W. E. N. Austin, N. J. G. Pearce and F. D. Hibbert 2011. Identification of cryptotephra horizons in a North East Atlantic marine record spanning marine isotope stage 4 and 5 (∼60,000–82,000 b2k). Quaternary Int. 246, 177–189. Abbott, P. M. and S. M. Davies 2012. Volcanism and the Green- land ice-cores: The tephra record. Earth Science Reviews 115, 173–191. Andrews, J. T., A. Geirsdóttir, J. Hardardóttir, S. Principato, K. Grönvold, G. B. Kristjánsdóttir, G. Helgadóttir, J. Drexler and A. Sveinbjörnsdóttir 2002. Distribution, sediment mag- netism and geochemistry of the Saksunarvatn (10,180±60 cal. yr BP) tephra in marine, lake and terrestrial sediments, northwest Iceland. J. Quaternary Sci. 17, 731–745. Andrews J. T., and G. Helgadóttir 2003. Late Quaternary Ice cap Extent and Deglaciation, Húnaflóaaáll, Northwest Iceland: Evidence from Marine cores. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 35, 2, 218–232 Austin, W. E. N., E. Bard, J. B. Hunt, D. Kroon and J. D. Peacock 1994. The 14C age of the Icelandic Vedde Ash: Implications for Younger Dryas Marine Reservoir Age Corrections. Ra- diocarbon 37, 53–62. Bard, E., M. Arnold, J. Mangerud, M. Paterne, L. Labeyrie, J. Duprat, M. A. Méliéres, E. Søndergaard and J. C. Duplessy 1994. The North Atlantic atmosphere-sea surface 14C gra- dient during the Younger Dryas climate event. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 126, 275–287. Blockley, S. P. E., C. S. Lane, A. F. Lotter and A. M. Pollard 2007. Evidence for the presence of the Vedde Ash in Central Europe. Quaternary Science Rev. 26, 3030–3036. Bond, G., W. Broecker, S. Johnsen, J. McManus, L. Labeyrie, J. Jouzel and G. Bonani 1993. Correlation between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice. Nature 365, 143–147. Bondevik, S., J. Mangerud and S. Gulliksen 2001. The marine 14C age of the Vedde Ash Bed along the west coast of Nor- way. J. Quaternary Sci. 16, 1–7. Boygle, J. 2004. Towards a Holocene tephrochronology for Swe- den: geochemistry and correlation with the North Atlantic tephra stratigraphy. J. Quaternary Sci. 19, 103–109. Brendryen, J., H. Haflidason and H. P. Sejrup 2010. Norewe- gian Sea tephrostratigraphy of marine isotope stage 4 and 5: Prospects and problems for tephrochronology in the North Atlantic region. Quaternary Science Rev. 29, 7–8, 739–745. Brendryen, J., H. Haflidason and H. P. Sejrup 2011. Non- synchronous deposition of North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea sediments: an example of complex glacial-tephra transport. J. Quaternary Sci. 26, 739–745. Chambers, F. M., J. R. G. Daniell, J. B. Hunt, K. Molloy and M. O’Connell 2004. tephrostratigraphy of An Loch Mór, Inis Oírr, western Ireland: implications for Holocene tephrochronology in the north-eastern Atlantic region. The Holocene 14, 703–720. Davies, S. M., C. S. M. Turney and J. J. Lowe 2001. Identification and significance of a visible, basalt-rich Vedde Ash layer in a Late-glacial sequence on the Isle of Skye, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. J. Quaternary Sci. 16, 99–104. Davies, S. M., S. Wastegård and B. Wohlfarth 2003. Extending the limits of the Borrobol Tephra to Scandinavia and detection of new early Holocene tephras. Quaternary Res. 59, 345–352. Davies, S. M., M. Elmquist, J. Bergman, B. Wohlfarth and D. Hammarlund 2007. Cryptotephra sedimentation processes within two lacustrine sequences from west central Sweden. The Holocene 17, 319–330. Davies, S. M., S. Wastegård, P. M. Abbott, C. Barbante, M. Bigler, S. J. Johnsen, T. L. Rasmussen, J. P. Steffensen and A. Svens- son 2010. Tracing volcanic events in the NGRIP ice-core and synchronizing North Atlantic marine records during the last glacial period. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 294, 68–79. Davies, S. M., P. M. Abbott, N. J. G. Pearce, S. Wastegård, S. P. E. Blockley 2012. Integrating the INTIMATE records using tephrochronology: rising to the challenge. Quaternary Sci- ence Rev. 36. 11–27. Dugmore, A. J., G. Larsen and A. J. Newton 1995a. Seven tephra isochrones in Scotland. The Holocene 5, 257–266. Dugmore, A. J., J. S. Shore, G. T. Cook, A. J. Newton, K. J. Ed- wards and G. Larsen 1995b. The radiocarbon dating of Ice- landic tephra layers in Britain and Iceland. Radiocarbon 37, 379–388. 68 JÖKULL No. 62, 2012
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