Jökull


Jökull - 01.01.2012, Page 167

Jökull - 01.01.2012, Page 167
Surge fingerprinting of cirque glaciers At Tröllaskagi, northern Iceland, some of the smallest surge-type glaciers in the world are found. Further investigations are needed for identifying more surge-type glaciers at Tröllaskagi and for verifica- tion and improvement of the new landsystems model. Monitoring of the glacial dynamical and hydrological processes during surges could reveal the surge mech- anism of such small glaciers. Acknowledgements Brynjólfur Sveinsson, Kári Brynjólfsson, and Sveinn Brynjólfsson are thanked for invaluable assistance, their time and essential help with logistics and field- work in the surroundings of the glaciers. We thank Halldór G. Pétursson and Ívar Örn Benedikts- son for thoughtful comments and stimulating discus- sions. Helgi Hallgrímsson and Oddur Sigurðsson are thanked for use of their valuable photos. Constructive comments from two reviewers significantly improved the manuscript. ÁGRIP Við utanverðan Tröllaskaga í samnefndum afdölum innarlega í Svarfaðardal eru framhlaups- og hvilftar- jöklarnir Búrfellsjökull og Teigarjökull. Til að auka þekkingu á ummerkjum eftir hvilftarjökla sem hlaupa fram var landmótun og setmyndun framan við jöklana könnuð með jarðfræðilegum aðferðum og fjarkönn- un og landmótunarlíkan þróað. Flestir jökulgarðar á svæðinu sem myndast við framhlaup, eru smáir og lögun þeirra óregluleg. Í sumum tilfellum myndar jökullinn ekki dæmigerðan jökulgarð heldur hauga- ruðning, ríkan af grófu og köntuðu grjóti. Stærð og lögun tveggja jökulgarða framan Teigarjökuls benda jafnvel til að jökullinn hafi ýmist verið framhlaupsjök- ull eða jafngangsjökull. Haugaruðningur, smáir urðar- ranar og sprunguhryggir eru algeng landform. Þættir í landslagi, sem gefa til kynna dauðísbráðnun, s.s. bak- hrun, sigdældir og gliðnunarsprungur, eru ennfremur algengir. Á yfirborði er set ríkt af hálfrúnnuðum, könt- uðum og mjög köntuðum steinum, allt frá litlum stein- völum upp í hnullunga. Ásýnd set- og landmótunar- umhverfis jöklanna er gróf og lítið er af fínefnum og landformum þeim tengdum. Þetta er vegna ríkulegs framboðs af grófu og mjög köntuðu efni sem hrynur niður á jöklana úr bröttum hamraveggjum. Síðar flyst hrunefnið ýmist ofan á, inni í eða við botn jöklanna og að lokum fram í jökuljaðarinn. Þetta efni verður því áberandi í landmótunarumhverfi jöklanna. REFERENCES Benn, D. I. and D. J. A. Evans 2010. Glaciers and Glacia- tion. (Second ed.). Hodder Education, 802 pp. Björnsson, H. 1971. Bægisárjökull, North Iceland. Results of glaciological investigations 1967–1968 part 1. Mass balance and general meteorology. Jökull 21, 1–24. Björnsson, H. and F. Pálsson 2008. Icelandic glaciers. Jökull 58, 365–386. Björnsson, H. 1979. Glaciers in Iceland. Jökull 29, 74–80. Björnsson, H. 1991. Jöklar á Tröllaskaga. In: Angantýr H. Hjálmarsson, ed. Fjalllendi Eyjafjarðar að vestan- verðu ll. Árbók Ferðafélags Íslands, 21–37. Björnsson, H. 1998. Hydrology characteristics of the drainage system beneath a surging glacier. Nature 395, 771–774. Björnsson, H., F. Pálsson, O. Sigurðsson and G. E. Flowers 2003. Surges of glaciers in Iceland. Ann. Glaciology 36, 82–89. Brynjólfsson, S. 2009. Eðli og eiginleikar smárra fram- hlaupsjökla á Tröllaskaga, Búrfellsjökull og Teigar- jökull . MSc. Thesis, Háskóli Íslands, 95 pp. Brynjólfsson, S. and H. Ólafsson 2009. Precipitation in the Svarfaðardalur region N-Iceland. Meteorology and At- mospheric Physics 103, 57–66 Caseldine, C. and J. Stötter 1993. Little ice age glacia- tion of Tröllaskagi peninsula, northern Iceland: cli- matic implications for reconstructed equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs). The Holocene 3, 357–366. Escritt, T. 1974. North Icelandic glacier inventory, 1973– 1974. Jökull 24, 59–62. Escritt, T. 1978. North Icelandic glacier inventory, 1975– 1977. Jökull 28, 59–62. Evans, D. J. A. and B. R. Rea 1999. Geomorphology and sedimentology of surging glaciers: a land-systems ap- proach. Annals of Glaciology 28, 75–82. Evans, D. J. A. and B. R. Rea 2003. Surging glacier landsystem. In: D. J. A. Evans ed. Glacial Landsys- tems, Arnold, 532 pp. JÖKULL No. 62, 2012 165
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