The Botany of Iceland - 01.12.1942, Blaðsíða 140
138
JOHS. GRONTVED
para (L.) Sra. var. hirsuta (Lge.) Schol., having an ample pubescence on the
flowering glumes (see Devold & Scholander, in Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet,
Nr. 56, 1933, p. 140). A detailed investigation of the Icelandic F. ovina, based on
more copious material, is highly needed.
Common or frequent in all parts of the lowland, as in the central highland.
Life-form: H.
In grassy places, especially on dry soil; in fell-field, in mossy heaths.
(Viviparous!).
Max. height: 40 cm ; average : 18 cm.
Geogr. area: (coll. species). N. Am. : Arctic coasts and islands.—Greenl. : W.
60°—65°25'. E. 60°—63°30'.—Eur.: Fær.; E.S.I.; throughout Europe from the
Arctic to the Mediterranean; Jan Mayen, Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemlya.—Asia:
Arctic and temperate parts. Japan.—N. Africa.
65. Festuca pratensis Huds., Fl. angl. ed. I (1762) p. 37.
F. elatior, K. & M., 1770, p. 204.—F. arundinacea Schr., Babington, 1871,
p. 344.—F. pratensis Huds., Stefánsson, Fl. ísl., ed. 1, 1901, p. 58.—Ibid.,
ed. 2, 1924, p. 66.—H. Jónsson, 1905, p. 67.—F. elatior L., O. & Gr., 1934,
p. 26.
Icon.: Reichenb., Ic. Fl. German., I, tab. 70, fig. 165.
Icelandic: Hávingull. Danish : Eng-Svingel. English : Tall Fescue-grass.
This species was found in 1894 by Stefánsson, and later on by Helgi Jónsson
(1905), below sea-fowl cliffs at Pjetursey in Mýrdalur, S. (D. 9). In this place it
was growing abundantly and formed a dense vegetation together with Arrhenatherum
elatius. It is now cultivated in Icel., and is often met with as an escape from
cultivation.
In addition to the above-named locality at Pjetursey F. pratensis has been
observed in several other places, but only in or near cultivated areas: Þjórsártún and
Grindavík, S., Reykjavík and Seltjarnarnes, S.W., Skútustaðir at Mývatn, and Ytra
Hvarf in Svarfaðardalur, N., Brekka at Lagarfljót, E.
Life-form: H.
In grass-fields, in cultivated areas.
Flor. VII; fr. mat. (?).
Max. height: 75 cm; average: 58 cm.
Geogr. area: Am.: (introduced and naturalized in U.S. and Canada).—Eur.: Fær.
(cult.) ; E.S.I.; throughout Europe from 66° N. lat.—Asia: Temperate parts.
66. Festuca rubra Linn., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) p. 74.
K. & M., 1770, p. 204.—Babington, 1871, p. 344.—Gronlund, Isl. FL, 1881,
p. 132.—Stefánsson, Fl. ísl., ed. 1, 1901, p. 57.—Ibid., ed. 2, 1924, p. 65.—
C.H.O., Fl. arct., 1902, p. 131,—O. & Gr., 1934, p. 26.
Flora Dan. tab. 700, and tab. 1627 (var. arenaria (Osb.)).
Icelandic: Túnvingull. Danish: Rod Svingel. English: Rcd Fescue-grass.
Very variable; the var. arenaria (Osbeck) is especially frequent, with hairy