The Botany of Iceland - 01.12.1942, Blaðsíða 296

294
JOHS. GRONTVED
Violaceae.
289. Viola canina Linn., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) p. 935.
K. & M., 1770, p. 210.—Babington, 1871, p. 296,—Granlund, Isl. Fl., 1881,
p. 40.—Stefánsson, Fl. ísl., ed. 1, 1901, p. 114.—Ibid., ed. 2, 1924, p. 127.—
V. ericetorum, Bisiker, 1902, p. 227.—V. canina L., O. & Gr., 1934, p. 77.
Flora Dan. tab. 2646 (subsp. montana tab. 1329).
Icelandic : Týsfjóla. Danish : Hunde-Viol. English : Dog Violet.
Common in the lowland as also in the central highland.
The subsp. montana (L. Fl. suec.) E. Fries, Nov. (1828) p. 273, has usually an
erect and higher stem, and larger and pale blue flowers, the stipules are longer,
fringed to deeply dentate, the leaves brighter green. It seems to be almost as common
as the main species.
Life-form: H.
On grassy slopes, in fertile places of the lava streams, in Salix and Betula scrub, etc.
Flor. VI—VII; fr. mat. VII—VIII.
Max. height: 18 cm; average: 8 cm (var. montana max. 22 cm ; average: 11 cm).
Geogr. area: Greenl. : W. (var. montana) 60°43'—61°30'.-—Eur.: E.S.I.; from Lap-
land throughout temperate Eur. to the Mediterranean Sea.—Asia : Siberia, throughout
temperate Asia to Kashmir, Japan.
290. Viola epipsila Ledeb., in Index sem. hort. Dorpat. 1820, p. 5.
Ing. Óskarsson in Notizbl. Berlin-Dahlem, X, n. 97 (1929) p. 779.
Flora Dan. tab. 2405.
Icelandic : Birkifjóla. Danish : Tarve-Viol.
This species was first found in 1927 in Hallormsstaðaskógur east of Lagarfljót,
E. (I.Ó., loc. cit.), and several subsequent finds have made it evident that it is
rather frequent in some parts of Iceland. In 1935 I found it near Egilsstaðir E., grow-
ing abundantly amongst mosses in
a moistmoor. In the country around
Akureyri, and at Mývatn, N., it
also seems to be frequent. It has not
been found elsewhere in Iceland.
Life-form : H.
On damp peaty soil, in scrub, in
mossy localities in moors.
Flor. VI—VII; fr. mat. VIII.
Max. height: 14 cm; average:
8 cm.
Fig. 125. Viola eþipsila Ledeb.
Geogr. area: Am.: var. repens
(Turcz.) W. Becker, N. Am.
(Sitka).—Eur.: Fennoscandia,East
and South Balticum, Sudetic range,
Karpathians.—Asia : (var. repens)
Northern Asia, from 50°—60° N.
lat., to Kamchatka.