Náttúrufræðingurinn

Volume

Náttúrufræðingurinn - 1954, Page 41

Náttúrufræðingurinn - 1954, Page 41
ÍSLENZKIR FUGLAR X 181 Á því getur enginn vafi leikið, að svartbaknum hefur fjölgað mjög hér á landi síðustu áratugina. Vegna skorts á athugunum verður hins vegar ekki skorið úr því með vissu, hvenær fjölgunin hefur hafizt fyrir alvöru, og af sömu ástæðu er ekki heldur hægt að sýna fram á það með tölum, hve mikil fjölgunin hefur verið eða hvernig henni hefur verið háttað. Ég tel, að orsaka þessarar miklu fjölgunar sé fyrst og fremst að leita í stórhættum lífsskilyrðum fyrir svartbakinn af völdum hinnar stórauknu útgerðar hér við land, svo og hinum öra vexti bæja, kauptúna og verstöðva. Með hliðsjón af því, sem áður hefur verið sagt um fæðu svartbaksins, er augljóst, að allar þessar breytingar hafa átt mikinn þátt í því að tryggja svartbaknum ríku- legt lífsviðurværi allt árið um kring. Áður fyrr mun hann einatt hafa átt erfitt uppdráttar á veturna, og hefur það sett fjölgun hans tak- mörk. Einnig má vera, að hinir mildu vetur síðustu áratuga hafi átt sinn þátt í þessari fjölgun, því að það verður að teljast líklegt, að svartbakurinn hafi, eins og aðrir sjófuglar, oft goldið nokkurt afhroð í harðinda- og hafísárum áður fyrr. SUMMARY Icelandic Ririls X. The Great Blaek-liaeked Gull (Larus marinus L.). The great black-backed gull is the commonest and the most widely distributed of the large gulls of Iceland. It is met with everywhere on the coasts, but it is by no means confined to the coast as it ranges far inland in many areas. In the breed- ing-season it occupies a wide range of habitats. Along the long and indented coast- line of Iceland it is found breeding in practically every suitable locality, from the outer headlands to the innermost parts of the bays and fjords. It makes no diffe- rence, furthermore, whether the coast be high and rocky or flat and low-lying, nor whether the coast be bare or rich with vegetation. As a breeding-bird it is equally common on high, rocky islands, low, grassy islands, and on bare rocks and skerries. It is not, however, found on precipitous cliffs unless where broad grassy ledges are available. Therefore it is comparatively rare on tlie bird-cliffs proper, but on the other hand it is frequently found breeding on flat-topped stacks. It breeds in great numliers on the extensive, fluvio-glacial plains (sandar) along the south coast, as well as on less extensive sandy plains near river mouths in other parts of the country. In such areas it breeds preferably on dunes and locally on marginal gla- cial moraines. In addition, it is commonly found breeding on post-glacial lava- flows, both near the coast and at some distance from tlie sea. Finally it is often found breeding on mountains (up to 800 m above sea level), mostly in the vicinity jf the coast. In its inland habitats the great black-back nests mostly on islands in lakes and rivers. On the island of Sandey on Lake Thingvallavatn, for instance, there is a traditional breeding colony and at Lake Mývatn it is occasionally found breeding, but owing to persecution it cannot become permanently established there. On the plateaus of Arnarvatnsheidi and Tvídægra and on similar plateaus with

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Náttúrufræðingurinn

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