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Læknablaðið - 15.09.2001, Qupperneq 15

Læknablaðið - 15.09.2001, Qupperneq 15
FRÆÐIGREINAR / OFFlTA Þróun ofþyngdar og offitu meðal 45-64 ára Reykvíkinga á árunum 1975-1994 Ágrip Hólmfríður Þorgeirsdóttir1, Laufey Steingrímsdóttir1, Örn Ólafsson2, Vilmundur Guðnason3 Tilgangur: Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að kanna hvort breytingar hafi orðið á hlutfallslegum fjölda of þungra og of feitra hér á landi undanfarin ár. Einnig að athuga hvort samband væri milli fæðuframboðs og ofþyngdar og offitu. Efniviður og aðferðir: Þátttakendur í þessari rannsókn koma úr áföngum III-V í hóprannsókn Hjartaverndar og Reykjavíkurhluta MONICA rann- sóknarinnar frá tímabilinu 1975-1994. Skoðaðir voru aldurshóparnir 45-54 ára og 55-64 ára. Einungis voru notaðar upplýsingar úr fyrstu komu hvers einstak- Iings. Reiknaður var líkamsþyngdarstuðull (body mass index, BMI) þátttakenda og hlutfall of þungra og of feitra einstaklinga miðað við mörk Alþjóða- heilbrigðisstofnunarinnar þar sem einstaklingar með líkamsþyngdarstuðul á bilinu 25-29,9 teljast of þungir en of feitir sé stuðullinn 30 eða hærri. Einnig var athugað hvort samband væri milli breytinga á matar- æði og ofþyngdar og offitu á tímabilinu. Niðurstöður: Reykvískir karlar og konur hafa bæði hækkað og þyngst á tímabilinu. Þyngdaraukn- ingin er meiri en útskýrt verður með aukinni hæð ein- göngu en það kemur fram í hækkun líkamsþyngdar- stuðuls hjá báðum kynjum. Á sama tíma eykst bæði hlutfall þeirra sem eru of þungir og of feilir og var hlutfallsleg fjölgun of feitra meiri en hlutfallsleg fjölgun of þungra. Hlutfall of feitra meira en tvö- faldaðist hjá báðum aldurshópum kvenna á tíma- bilinu samkvæmt niðurstöðum línulegrar aðhvarfs- greiningar (linear regression analysis) og var komið í tæp 15% (95% öryggisbil, 9-22%) hjá konum á aldrinum 45-54 ára og um 25% (95% öryggisbil, 17- 34%) hjá 55-64 ára. Hlutfall of feitra tæplega tvöfaldast í yngri hópi karla og var komið í um 19% (95% öryggisbil, 13-27%) í lok tímabilsins en aukningin var ekki marktæk hjá þeim eldri. Það lætur nærri að í lok tímabilsins séu um 70% karla í báðum aldurshópum og í eldri hópi kvenna annað hvort of þung eða of feit, en þetta hlutfall var um 54% í yngri hópi kvenna. 'Manneldisráö íslands, 2Landspítalinn Hringbraut, 3Rannsóknarstöö Hjarta- verndar. Fyrirspurnir, bréfaskipti: Hólmfríður Þorgeirsdóttir, Manneldisráði íslands, Barónsstíg 47,101 Reykjavík. Sími: 585 1480; netfang: Holmfridur@manneldi.is Lykilorð: líkamsþyngdarstuðull, ofþyngd, offita. ENGLISH SUMMflRY Þorgeirsdóttir H, Steingrímsdóttir L, Ólafsson Ö, GuðnasonV Trends in overweight and obesity in 45-64 year old men and women in Reykjavik 1975-1994 Læknablaðið 2001; 87: 699-704 Objective: The aim of this study was to assess possible changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in lceland during the last decades. Furthermore, the possible effect of dietary changes on the observed trend in obesity prevalence was evaluated. Material and methods: Participants came from stages III- V in the Reykjavik Health Study and the Reykjavik part of the MONICA studies from the period 1975-1994. The age groups 45-54 years and 55-64 years were examined. Only the information from the first visit of each person was included. The body mass index (BMI) for the participants was calculated and the percentage of those subjects considered ovenveight and obese according to WHO standards evaluated, using 25<BMI<30 kg/m2 as the cut- off point for overa/eight and BMI>30 kg/m2 as the cut-off point for obesity. Also, the observed trend in obesity prevalence is compared to changes in diet that have occurred in the same period. Results: The results show that the mean weight and height of both men and women have been increasing during the study period. However, weight has increased more than can be accounted for by increased height, resulting in increased BMI. At the same time, the prevalence of overweight and obesity have increased, the relative increase in obesity far exceeding the relative increase in overweight. The prevalence of obesity more than doubled in both age groups of women during the study period, according to trend analyses. At the end of the period, almost 15% (95% confidence interval (Cl), 9- 22%) in the younger group of women and 25% (95% Cl, 17-34%) in the older group were classified as obese. In the younger group of men, the prevalence of obesity almost doubled, while the observed increase in the older group was not statistically significant, according to trend analyses. The prevalence of obesity in the final period was about 19% (95% Cl, 13-27%) and 17% (95% Cl, 11-25%) in the younger and older groups of men, respectively. According to the food supply statistics there have been insignificant changes in the consumption of energy nutrients during the period. Conclusions: Ovenweight and obesity are becoming more common among middle-aged men and women in Reykjavik, during the period 1975-1994 and the rate of increase being comparable to that observed in many Western countries. It is urgent to respond to this problem by promoting a healthier lifestyle, both with respect to diet and physical activity. Keywords: body mass index, overweight, obesity. Correspondence: Hólmfríður Þorgeirsdóttir. E-mail: Holmfridur@manneldi.is Læknablaðið 2001/87 699
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