Tímarit hjúkrunarfræðinga - 01.12.2010, Qupperneq 54

Tímarit hjúkrunarfræðinga - 01.12.2010, Qupperneq 54
Tímarit hjúkrunarfræ›inga – 5. tbl. 86. árg. 201050 Mörgum læknum kann að finnast óþægilegt að leiðbeina fólki um hvað það má gera í vinnunni vegna vanþekkingar á vinnuumhverfi og starfi einstaklingsins en samtal um getu einstaklingsins og daglega virkni gerir þeim kleift að veita gagnleg ráð eða vísa á ráðgjafa í starfsendurhæfingu. Ef atvinnurekendur nýta tækifærið til að ná utan um fjarvistir vegna veikinda og auðvelda starfsmönnum sínum endurkomu til vinnu þá er það fyrsta skrefið í að breyta fjarvistaháttum og viðhorfum þannig að veikindafjarvist úr vinnu sé ekki alltaf ófrávíkjanlegur fylgifiskur veikinda eða heilsuvanda og vinnan geti í raun verið góð fyrir heilsuna. Lokaorð Þrátt fyrir að flestir vilji frekar vinna en að vera langtímum saman heima vegna veikinda verður ýmislegt til þess að líkur á endurkomu til vinnu eftir langvinn veikindi eða slys minnka eftir því sem frá líður. Stofnun starfsendurhæfingarsjóðs er líklega eitt stærsta framfaraskref í lýðheilsu á Íslandi á síðustu áratugum, bæði vegna gríðarmikils lýðheilsuvanda og samfélagslegs kostnaðar, sem fylgir skertri vinnugetu og örorku, og vegna þess hve stór áhættuhópurinn er, en fjöldi einstaklinga á vinnumarkaði er um 185 þúsund manns (Hagstofa Íslands, 2010). Á vegum starfsendurhæfingarsjóðs starfa nú 23 starfsendurhæfingarráðgjafar í samstarfi við stéttarfélög um allt land. Þessir ráðgjafar hafa meðal annars það hlutverk að aðstoða einstaklinga við að komast aftur til vinnu í kjölfar veikinda og slysa í samstarfi við bæði atvinnurekendur, heimilislækna og annað heilbrigðisstarfsfólk. Langtímaveikindafjarvistir og örorka tengjast áhættuþáttum heilbrigðis og framtíðarskuldbindingum velferðar kerfis­ ins sem og aukinni dánartíðni (Anema og van der Beek, 2008). Það er því mikilvægt að stuðla að aukinni þekkingu, breyttum viðhorfum og auknu samstarfi allra aðila í starfsendurhæfingu hér á landi. Fagfólk í heilbrigðiskerfinu og stjórnendur fyrirtækja gegna þar lykilhlutverki. Heimildir Allen, H. (2009). Using routinely collected data to augment the management of health and production loss. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50, 411­428. Anema, J., Schellart, A.J.M., Cassidy, J.D., Loisel, P.J., Veerman, T.J., van der Beek, A.J. (2009). Can cross country differences in return to work after chronic occupational back pain be explained? An explanatory analysis on disability policies in a six country cohort study. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 19, 419­426. Anema, V.D., og van der Beek, A.J. (2008). Medically certified sickness absence. British Medical Journal, 337, 825­826. Black, C. (2008). Working for a Healthier Tomorrow. London: TSO. Blackwell, T.L., Conrad, A.D., og Weed, R.O. (1992). Job analysis and the ADA: A step by step guide. Aþenu, Georgíu: Elliott & Fitzpatrick. Boersma, K. L.S. (2005). Screening to identify patients at risk: Profiles of psychological risk factors for early intervention. Clinical Journal of Pain, 21 (1), 38­43. Brouwer, S., Krol, B., Reneman, M.F., Bültmann, U., van der Klink, J.J.L., og Groothoff, J.W. (2009). Behavioral determinants as predic­ tors of return to work after long term sick­ ness absence: An application of the theory of planned beahvior. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 19, 166­174. Brouwers, E., Terluin, B., Tiements, B., og Verhaak, P. (2009). Predicting return to work in employees sick listed due to minor mental disorders. Journal of Occupational Rehabiliation, 19, 323­332. Department for Work and Pensions / Department of Health (2008). Improving health and work: Changing lives – the Government’s response to Dame Carol Black’s review of the health of Britain’s working­age population. London: The Stationery Office. Du Bois, M.A., og Donceel P. (2008). A screen­ ing questionnaire to predict no return to work within 3 months for low back claimants. European Spine Journal, 380­385. Esbjornsson, E.S. (1986). Return to work after rehabilitation. The significance of the patient´s own prediction. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 18 (1), 29­33. Gross, D., og Battié, M.C.(2005). Functional capacity evaluation performance does not pre­ dict sustained return to work in claimants with chronic back pain. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 15, 285­294. Hagstofa Íslands (2010). Sótt á vef 19. ágúst 2010. http://www.hagstofa.is/Hagtolur/Laun,­ tekjur­og­vinnumarkadur. Harder, H.A., og Scott, L. (2005). Comprehensive disability management. London: Churchill­ Livingstone. Hursh, N. (1995). Essential skills in industrial rehabilitation and disability management: Implications for rehabilitation counselor edu­ cation. (D. Shrey og M. Lacerte, ritstj.) PMD Press, Orlando, Flórída. Hussey, S., Hoddinott, P., Wilson, P., Dowell, J., og Barbour, R. (2004). Sickness certification system in the United Kingdom: Qualitative study of views of general practitioners in Scotland. British Medical Journal, 328: 88­91. International Social Security Association (2001). Who Returns to Work and Why. A Six Country Study on Work Incapacity and Reintegration. ISSA, Transaction Publishers, New Jersey Main, C., og Williams, A. (2002). Musculosceletal pain. British Medical Journal, 325, 534­537. NIDMAR (2009). Effective Diability Management Programs. National Institute of Disability Management and Research (NIDMAR). Vancouver, Kanada. Reijenga, F.A. (2003). Disability Management. TNO Work and Employment. Discussion paper. Sótt 13.september 2010 á http://www. mutual­learning­employment.net/uploads/ ModuleXtender/PeerReviews/43/NL%20PR_ DiscPap_revised.pdf. Reijenga, F. (2006). The Role of Organisational culture in sickness absence. International Journal of Disability Management and Reserach, 1 (1), 97­106. Sallis, A., Birkin, R., og Munir, F. (2010). Working towards a fit note: An experimental vignette survey of GPs. British Journal of General Practice, 60, 245­250. Schwartz, R.K. (1993). Return­to­work programs. Work, 3, 2­8. Selander, J. (2006). Economic incentives for return to work in Sweden. In theory and practice. International Journal of Disability Management Research, 1 (1), 107­113. Shrey, D.E. (2006). Disability management best practices and joint labour­management col­ laboration. International Journal of Disability Management Research, 1 (1), 53­63. Sokoll, G. (2002). Global workers´ compensation initiatives in prevention, rehabilitation and dis­ ability management. International Forum on Disability Management. Vancouver, Bresku­ Kólumbíu. Tompa, E. (2008). Systematic review of dis­ ability management interventions with eco­ nomic evaluations. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 18, 16­26. Tschernetzki­Neilson, P.E. (2007). Changing to outcome focused program improves return to work outcomes. Journal of Occuptional Rehabilitation, 17, 473­486. Waddell, G., Burton, A.K., Kendall, N.A.S. (2008) Vocational rehabilitation – what works, for whom, and when? London: The Stationery Office. Waddell, G. (2001). Occupational health guide­ lines for management of low back pain at work: Evidence review. Occupational Medicine, 2, 124­135. Waddell, G., og Burton, A. (2006). Is work good for your health and well­being? London: TSO.
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