Orð og tunga - 01.06.2014, Side 35

Heimir Freyr: Afstaða sagnar til neitunar á 19. öld
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Viðauki
1800-1850
Minnisverð tíðindi 77,8% (21/27) Ármann á Alþingi 40,7% (50/123)
Reykjavíkurpósturinn 56% (56/100) Sunnanpósturinn 32,5% (13/40)
Búnaðarrit suður- 46,3% (31/67) Margvíslegt gaman 15,2% (7/46)
amtsins og alvara
1875
íslendingur 32,5% (13/40 ) Norðlingur 6,3% (3/48)
Þjóðólfur 23,8% (5/21) ísafold 5,9% (2/34)
Norðanfari 10,9% (5/46)
1900
Reykvíkingur 35% (7/20) Fjallkonan 4,8% (2/42)
Reykjavík 25% (1/4) Isafold 3,2% (2/63)
Austri 23,9% (11/46) Þjóðólfur 1,9% (1/53)
Stefnir 22,7% (10/44) Kvennablaðið 0% (0/20)
Þjóðviljinn Framsókn 9,3% (4/43) 8,8% (3/34) Bjarki 0% (0/22)
Tnfla 7. Hlutfall S3 af heildardæmafjölda innan hvers blaðs/tímarits.
Lykilorð
málstöðlun, sagnfærsla, orðaröð, tilbrigði, málbreytingar
Keywords
standardization, verb movement, word order, variation, language change
Abstract
The position of the finite verb with regard to e.g. negation, so-called verb movement,
has figured prominently in the literature over the past decades. It has been argued
that a morphologically rich language such as Icelandic requires verb movement (V2)
and that the verb follows negation (V3) only as an exception. However, linguists have
pointed out that during the period 1600-1850, such exceptions were more common
than today and that the language of certain texts bear a resemblance to the language
of a Danish speaker (Heycock & Wallenberg 2013).
A new study of two 19th-century corpora, newspapers/periodicals and private
letters of people with various social backgrounds, supports this result in the public
texts. However, V3 is more frequent in private letters than expected if characteristic
of Danish influence on learned individuals, as often thought. After 1850 the frequen-