Orð og tunga - 08.07.2019, Page 82

70 Orð og tunga
MI=3.06), but stíga does not collocate with reiði/bræði in the MÍM.13
In relation to Loss of Control, the English anger includes diff erent
signifi cant collocates, such as the verbs explode (Freq=21, MI=5.90)
and burst (Freq=14, MI=4.79), whereas the Icelandic reiði has only
one signifi cant collocate gjósa ‘erupt, spout’. As Penas Ibá ñ ez & Erla
Erlendsdó tt ir (2015) showed, the Icelandic fluid metaphor also has
expressions like springa ú r reiði ‘explode with anger’. However, the
verb springa collocates with reiði/bræði only once in the corpus, and is
thus not a signifi cant collocate.
Furthermore, it seems that the Icelandic reiði is almost exclu-
sively associated with the fluid metaphor, while the English anger
is still strongly associated with other metaphors. Minamisawa (2017)
showed that four metaphors are strongly associated with anger: an-
ger is a hot fluid in a container, anger is fire, anger is a dangerous
animal, and anger is a natural force. Signifi cant collocates of these
metaphors can also be seen in Table 1: vent and bubble for the fluid
metaphor, incandescent and searing for the fire metaphor, howl and
bristle for the animal metaphor, and surge and subside for the meta-
phor anger is a natural force. In Icelandic, however, reiði contains
only one signifi cant collocate each for the fire metaphor and the ani-
mal metaphor: the verbs blossa and vekja, respectively. As stated earli-
er, SO gives examples such as reiðin brennur ‘the anger burns’ and vera
hvítglóandi af reiði ‘to be white-hot with anger’ for the fire metaphor,
but they are not considered signifi cant because of their low frequency
in the corpus. In relation to the animal metaphor, fewer examples
are found in the MÍM than in English. Although collocates such as
the verbs hemja ‘control’ and öskra ‘scream’ might be related to this
metaphor, they are not frequent in the MÍM. Indeed, this might be
partly due to the size of the corpus. Nevertheless, the procedure suc-
cessfully extracted many signifi cant collocates of the fluid metaphor.
Therefore, it is plausible to state that reiði is almost exclusively asso-
ciated with the fluid metaphor.
In summary, although the Icelandic reiði and the English anger
might be fairly similar from the perspective of the existence/non-ex-
13 Interestingly, in Norwegian, the cognate of this verb stige sometimes collocates
with the Norwegian equivalents of anger: sinne/raseri. This can be seen in the
phrases such as stigende sinne ‘rising anger’ and kjenne raseriet stige opp i seg ‘feel
the rage rising up in oneself’. This indicates that, even between Icelandic and
Norwegian, there might be some diff erences in how conceptual metaphors are
instantiated (Minamisawa 2018b).
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