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ENGLISH SUMMARY
Seasickness
Petersen H
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the physiological
basis, clinical picture and treatment opportunities of motion sickness.
Motion sickness can occur when sensory inputs from body orientation
and movements in space contradict or differ from those predicted
from experience. In that case disturbing symptoms can occur when a
person is exposed to unfamiliar movement or perceived movement in
the environment. Best known is when this occurs at sea, referred to as
sea sickness. Despite progress in the technology and comfort of modern
sea transit and transportation (ships, planes and overland vehicles) a
great number of workers and travellers still experience motion sickness,
with its coexisting risks of accidents. A survey performed on lcelandic
seamen indicates that up to 80% experience seasickness when at sea
and up to 80% experience mal de debarquement. Bouts are characteri-
zed by an initial phase of mild discomfort followed by neurologic and
gastro-intestinal manifestations. The delay in onset depends on specific
circumstances and individual susceptibility. Signals from the vestibular
system are essential fortriggering motion sickness, where vestibuloau-
tonomic pathways that typically subserve homeostasis play the key role.
Attacks are precipitated by conflicting sensory, visual and vestibular
signals but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The neural pathways
that produce nausea and vomiting during motion sickness are presumed
to be similar to those that generate illness after ingestion of toxins.
Most medications used for prevention and treatment induce unwanted
sedation, that both reduce ability to cope with the situation and delay
the most wanted adaptation. Furthermore, no one drug is completely
effective or preventive under all conditions.
Key words: motion sickness, human, postural control, epidemiology.
Correspondence: Hannes Petersen, hpet@hi.is
'Faculty of Medicine, University of lceland, 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Landspítali, Reykjavík, lceland.
LÆKNAblaðið 2012/98 659