Náttúrufræðingurinn

Volume

Náttúrufræðingurinn - 1987, Page 25

Náttúrufræðingurinn - 1987, Page 25
Þorvaldur Thoroddsen. 1894b. Ferðir um Vest- ur Skaftafellssýslu sumarið 1893. — Andvari 19. Þorvaldur Thoroddsen. 1905—1906. Island. Grundriss der Geographie und Geologie. - SUMMARY The Eldgjá eruption and the age of the Landbrot lava. by Jón Jónsson Orkustofnun National Energy Authority Reykjavík In my paper “On lava flows in Skafta- fellssýsla” (Jón Jónsson 1979) I tried to show that the lava flow in Landbrot (Land- brotshraun) could not be of historical age. My conclusion was based on a series of four 14C datings (Jón Jónsson 1979), two of them made on remains of birch wood, and two of a sample of peat. These samples were collected at the farm Ytri Dalbær by the author. All the samples were taken from an approximately 10 m thick soil section on top of the lava flow (Fig. 8). The birch wood samples (U-2416 and U- 2417) were collected from within layers of acidic tephra, which I at that time assumed to have originated from Hekla volcano, and one of them (U-2416) to have prob- ably been identical with H-4. Later it turned out that most probably neither of these tephra layers derive from Hekla. However, these age determinations showed the approximate age of the two tephra layers, which are widespread in Skaftafellssýsla, and accordingly strati- graphically important. Based on these four age determinations I estimated the age of the Landbrot lava to be at least 5200 years. Gudrún Larsen (1979) rejected my conclu- Pettermanns Mitteilungen Justus Pertes Gotha. Þorvaldur Thoroddsen. 1925. Geschichte der Islándischen Vulkane. - D. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, Naturvidensk og Mathem. Afd. 8, IX Köbenhavn. sions but without substantial arguments. For some unknown reason Gudrún Larsen was later supported by Sigurdur Thorarins- son (1981), although he had earlier stated that the Landbrot lava was prehistoric (Sigurður Thorarinsson 1955). Gudrún Larsen put forward the idea that the lava had crept in under the soil, which accor- dingly could be older than the lava, and the 14C dating therefore wrong as to the age of the lava. In this connection the following should be borne in mind: 1) The thickness of the lava flow is more than 20 m (drillhole data). 2) The temperature of a flowing basaltic lava is at least around 900—1000°C. 3) It is a well known fact that a lava flow which has traveled long distances, in this case at least 30-40 km, advances with a rolling movement like an “end- less track on a tractor”. 4) The soil section at Dalbær is 10 m or less in depth. 5) The soil is partly peat, indicating a wet area or bog (occurrence of diatom- aceous earth). 6) The peat layers closest to the lava and approx. 30—50 cm above it are undis- turbed, as are the two tephra layers which have been dated. How could the last observation be possible if a 20 m thick and up to 1000°C hot lava had crept under the soil? And what about the water in the soil? A considerably lower temperature than 900—1000°C is needed to bring it to boil, and what would become of the soil in such a situation? Moreover, the vegetation remains, birch (Betula) and willow (Salix), do not show the slightest degree of carbonizing. 19
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