Uppeldi og menntun - 01.07.2006, Side 29

Uppeldi og menntun - 01.07.2006, Side 29
2 Uunk, W., kalmijn, M. og Muffels, R. (2005). The impact of young children on women´s labour supply: a reassessment of institutional effects in Europe. Acta Sociologcia Jo­ urnal of the Nordic Sociological Association, 48(1), 41–62. Warren, E. og Warren, T. a. (2004). The two income trap:Why middle class parents are going broke. New york: Basic Books. Guðný Björk Eydal er dósent í félagsráðgjöf við Félagsvísindadeild Háskóla Íslands . abstract This article ex­amines the development of Icelandic childcare policies between 1944 and 2004 in a comparative perspective. More specifically, it compares the content and the scope of entitlements in Iceland to those in the other Nordic countries. Childcare policies are defined as government policies on public support for families with young children including both direct cash transfers (e.g. paid parental leave or family benefits) and subsidies for services (such as preschools or other daycare arrangements). Public support for childcare has changed considerably since the need regarding legislation on daycare and maternity leave were first discussed in althingi (the parliament) in the 1940s. The first laws on daycare were passed in 1973 and since then daycare provisions have improved considerably, both in quantity and quality. In 2004 the proportion of Icelandic children in preschools was comparable to those in Denmark and Sweden, which are among the highest in Europe. Iceland used to lag behind the other Nordic countries in terms of entitlements to parental leave. This changed following the passing of the new laws on parental leave in the year 2000, in particular regarding the entitlements of fathers to paternity leave, which are now the most ex­tensive in the world. However when we ex­amine the supp- ort for families with young children holistically we find that Icelandic parents receive less public support overall than do their counterparts in the neighbouring countries. also, the duration of parental leave is greater in Sweden and Denmark, and Finland and Norway offer special payments to parents of children under the age of three who care for their children at home. gUð­ný Björk ey­dal
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