Archaeologia Islandica - 01.01.1998, Page 58

Archaeologia Islandica - 01.01.1998, Page 58
Adolf Friðriksson & Orri Vésteinsson HOFSTAÐIR í MÝVATNSSVEIT - YFIREIT1991-1997 This article gives an overview of previous research at Hofstaðir near lake Mývatn in NE-Iceland ; late 19th century reconnaisance, the large scale excavation of 1908 and a smaller investigation in 1965. The long association of these structures (an excep- tionally large longhouse and an oval pit in front of it), with heathen religious prac- tices is discussed and a summary is given of the principal results of the ongoing campaign of excavations. The long house is the latest structure on the site, aban- doned sometime before 1104, but it has a long and complex history of rebuilding and additions. The earlier levels of occupation within the longhouse produced many layers of refuse which fill a collapsed pit-house. This belongs to the earliest phase of the site, built in a matter of years after the deposition of the landnám tephra of 871 ±2. The distinct phasing of the site and the exceptionally good preservation of the turf-structures and animal bones makes Hofstaðir an ideal place to study in detail the adaption of the first generations of settlers to Icelandic conditions, their effect on the environment and the emergence of a social structure. Adolf Friðriksson & Orri Vésteinsson, Fornleifastofnun Islands, Bárugótu 3, 101 Reykjavík Keywords: Viking Age, Settlement Archaeology, lceland Inngangur A breiðum hjalla austan Laxár, þar sem áin rennur úr Mývatni, stendur bærinn Hofstaðir í Laxárdal. Gamla túnið á Hofstöðum er ofan við bæinn sem nú er og liggur austurjaðar þess með rót- um brekku sem er vaxin lyngi og lágu kjarri neðst en ofar er hún grýtt og blásin. Þar í túnjaðrinum við brekk- una, um 100 metra austur frá bænum, eru fornar tóftir sem vakið hafa athygli fornleifafræðinga allt frá ofanverðri 19- öld og fram á okkar daga. Samkvæmt munnmælum sem voru fyrst skráð á 19- öld voru á þessum stað leifar hofs frá elstu tíð og hefur þessara minja jafnan verið getið í um- fjöllun um sögustaði eða fornleifar frá þjóðveldisöld. Gerðar voru umfangs- miklar rannsóknir á Hofstöðum í upp- hafi 20. aldar og var árangur þeirra lengi talinn staðfesta munnmælin, en á síðari tímum hafa rannsóknir á hoftóft- um á Islandi sætt töluverðri gagnrýni og eru fornleifarnar á Hofstöðum nú taldar vera af fornum bæ. Á grundvelli Archaeologia Islandica 1 (1998) 58-73
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Archaeologia Islandica

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