Tímarit hjúkrunarfræðinga - 2020, Blaðsíða 71
in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 37(1), 64–
67. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2010.11.002
Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P. og Bittencourt, M. S. (2019). Heart disease and
stroke statistics-2019 update: A report from the American Heart Associ-
ation. Circulation, 139(10), e56–e528. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000
659
Bray, B. D., Smith, C. J., Cloud, G. C., Enderby, P., James, M., Paley, L., …
SSNAP Collaboration. (2017). e association between delays in screen-
ing for and assessing dysphagia aer acute stroke, and the risk of stroke-
associated pneumonia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry,
88(1), 25–30. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2016-313356
Bruno, A., Durkalski, V. L., Hall, C. E., Juneja, R., Barsan, W. G., Janis, S., …
og Johnston, K. C. (2014). e Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network
Effort (SHINE) trial protocol: A randomized, blinded, efficacy trial of
standard vs. intensive hyperglycemia management in acute stroke. Inter-
national Journal of Stroke, 9(2), 246–251. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12045
Canadian Stroke Best Practices. (2018). Acute stroke management: Prehospi-
tal, emergency department, and acute inpatients stroke care (168). Sótt 6.
ágúst 2020 á https://www.strokebestpractices.ca/recommendations
Chapman, C., Cadilhac, D. A., Morgan, P., Kilkenny, M. F., Grimley, R., Sun-
dararajan, V., … og Andrew, N. E. (2019). Chest infection within 30 days
of acute stroke, associated factors, survival and the benefits of stroke unit
care: Analysis using linked data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Reg-
istry. International Journal of Stroke, 15(4), 390–398. doi:10.1177/1747
493019833008
Clark, M. E., Payton, J. E. og Pittiglio, L. I. (2014). Acute ischemic stroke and
hyperglycemia. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 37(2), 182–187. doi:10.1097/
CNQ.0000000000000015
Craig, L. E., McInnes, E., Taylor, N., Grimley, R., Cadilhac, D. A., Considine,
J. og Middleton, S. (2016). Identifying the barriers and enablers for a
triage, treatment, and transfer clinical intervention to manage acute stroke
patients in the emergency department: A systematic review using the the-
oretical domains framework (TDF). Implementation Science, 11(1), e1–e18.
doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0524-1
Dale, S., Levi, C., Ward, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Jammali-Blasi, A., D’Este, C., …
Middleton, S. (2015). Barriers and enablers to implementing clinical treat-
ment protocols for fever, hyperglycaemia, and swallowing dysfunction in
the Quality in Acute Stroke Care (QASC) project: A mixed methods study.
Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 12(1), 41–50. doi:10.1111/wvn.
12078
Daniels, S. K., Huckabee, M. L. og Gozdzikowska, K. (2019). Dysphagia fol-
lowing stroke (3. útgáfa). San Diego, Bandaríkjunum: Plural Publishing.
Dennis, M. og Langhorne, P. (1994). So stroke units save lives: Where do we
go from here? British Medical Journal, 309(6964), 1273–1277. Sótt 7. maí
2018 á https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2541829/
Denny, M. C., Ramadan, A. R., Savitz, S. og Grotta, J. (2020). Acute stroke
care (3. útgáfa). Cambridge, Englandi: Cambridge University Press.
Drury, P., Levi, C., D’Este, C., McElduff, P., McInnes, E., Hardy, J., … Mid-
dleton, S. (2014). Quality in Acute Stroke Care (QASC): Process evalua-
tion of an intervention to improve the management of fever, hyper -
glycemia, and swallowing dysfunction following acute stroke. Interna-
tional Journal of Stroke, 9(6), 766–776. doi:10.1111/ijs.12202
Drury, P., Levi, C., McInnes, E., Hardy, J., Ward, J., Grimshaw, J. M., … Mid-
dleton, S. (2014). Management of fever, hyperglycemia, and swallowing
dysfunction following hospital admission for acute stroke in New South
Wales, Australia. International Journal of Stroke, 9(1), 23–31. doi:10.1111/
ijs.12194
Freeland, T. R., Pathak, S., Garrett, R. R., Anderson, J. A. og Daniels, S. K.
(2016). Using medical mannequins to train nurses in stroke swallowing
screening. Dysphagia, 31(1), 104–110. doi:10.1007/s00455-015-9666-6
Fuentes, B., Ntaios, G., Putaala, J., omas, B., Turc, G., Díez-Tejedor, E. og
European Stroke Organisation. (2018). European Stroke Organisation
(ESO) guidelines on glycaemia management in acute stroke. European
Stroke Journal, 3(1), 5–21. doi:10.1177/2396987317742065
Greer, D. M., Funk, S. E., Reaven, N. L., Ouzounelli, M. og Uman, G. C.
(2008). Impact of fever on outcome in patients with stroke and neurologic
injury: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Stroke, 39, 3029–3035. doi:10.1161/
STROKEAHA.108.521583
Gunnhildur Henný Helgadóttir og Lilja Rut Jónsdóttir (2018). „Meðferð
sjúklinga fyrstu 72 klukkustundirnar eir heilablóðfall: Fræðilegt yfirlit
á hlutverki hjúkrunarfræðings í skimun á hita, blóðsykri og kyngingu“.
Skemman. https://skemman.is/handle/1946/30551
Hamann, G. F., Müller, R., Alber, B. og Widder, B. (2016). Treatment in acute
stroke: Stroke unit is mandatory. Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Re-
search, 22(2), 105–109. doi:10.1016/j.npbr.2015.12.064
Hill, M. D. og Hachinski, V. (1998). Stroke treatment: Time is brain. e
Lancet, 352, 10–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)90088-5
Hilmarsson, A., Kjartansson, O. og Olafsson, E. (2013). Incidence of first
stroke: A population study in Iceland. Stroke, 44(6), 1714–1716. doi:
10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000222
Hines, S., Kynoch, K. og Munday, J. (2016). Nursing interventions for iden-
tifying and managing acute dysphagia are effective for improving patient
outcomes: A systematic review update. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing,
48(4), 215–223. doi:10.1097/JNN.0000000000000200
Joundi, R. A., Martino, R., Saposnik, G., Giannakeas, V., Fang, J. og Kapral,
M. K. (2017). Predictors and outcomes of dysphagia screening aer acute
ischemic stroke. Stroke, 48(4), 900–906. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.
015332
Jung, S., Wiest, R., Gralla, J., McKinley, R., Mattle, H. og Liebeskind, D.
(2017). Relevance of the cerebral collateral circulation in ischaemic stroke:
Time is brain, but collaterals set the pace. Swiss Medical Weekly, 147
(w14538), e1–e7. doi: 10.4414/smw.2017.14538
Kenny, T., Barr, C. og Laver, K. (2016). Management of fever, hyperglycemia,
and dysphagia in an acute stroke unit. Rehabilitation Nursing, 41(6), 313–
319. doi:10.1002/rnj.248
Landspítali. (2010). Klínískar leiðbeiningar: Mat og varnir gegn næringar- og
vökvavanda sjúklinga eir heilablóðfall. Sótt 19. ágúst 2020 á https://www.
landspitali.is/library/Sameiginlegar-skrar/Gagnasafn/BRUNNURINN/
Kliniskar-leidbeiningar/Heilablodfall—-naering-og-vokvi/Mat_varnir_
%20naeringar_vokvavanda_eir_heilablodfall_16-10-2013.pdf
Langhorne, P., Ramachandra, S., og Stroke Unit Trialists’ Collaboration.
(2020). Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: Network meta‐
analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4(Art. CD000197).
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000197.pub4
Lees, K. R., Bluhmki, E., Von Kummer, R., Brott, T. G., Toni, D., Grotta, J. C.,
… og Tilley, B. C. (2010). Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase
and outcome in stroke: An updated pooled analysis of ECASS, AT-
LANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET trials. e Lancet, 375(9727), 1695–
1703. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60491-6
Leigh, R., Knutsson, L., Zhou, J. og van Zijl, P. C. (2018). Imaging the phys-
iological evolution of the ischemic penumbra in acute ischemic stroke.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 38(9), 1500–1516. doi:
10.1177/0271678X17700913
Li, L., Scott, C. A., Rothwell, P. M. og Oxford Vascular Study. (2020). Trends
in stroke incidence in high-income countries in the 21st century: Popu-
lation-based study and systematic review. Stroke, 51(5), 1372–1380. doi:
10.1161/ STROKEAHA.119.028484
Middleton, S., Bruch, D., Martinez-Garduno, C., Dale, S. og McNamara, M.
(2017a). International uptake of a proven intervention to reduce death
and dependency in acute stroke: A cross-sectional survey following the
QASC trial. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 14(6), 447–454.
doi:10.1111/wvn.12253
Middleton, S., Coughlan, K., Mnatzaganian, G., Low Choy, N., Dale, S., Jam-
mali-Blasi, A. … og D’Este, C. (2017b). Mortality reduction for fever, hy-
perglycemia, and swallowing nurse-initiated stroke intervention: QASC
trial (Quality in Acute Stroke Care) follow-up. Stroke, 48(5), 1331–1336.
doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.016038
Middleton, S., McElduff, P., Ward, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Dale, S., D’Este, C., …
og Levi, C. (2011). Implementation of evidence-based treatment protocols
to manage fever, hyperglycaemia, and swallowing dysfunction in acute
stroke (QASC): A cluster randomised controlled trial. e Lancet,
378(9804), 1699–1706. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61485-2
meðferð sjúklinga fyrstu þrjá sólarhringa eftir blóðþurrðarslag í heila
tímarit hjúkrunarfræðinga • 3. tbl. 96. árg. 2020 71