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Árni Einarsson
12th—13th-century Europe, most ofwhich appeared to be known in Iceland. The
approach can be described by the recommendations of Hugh of St. Victor
(Didascalicon 6. 11) about interpretation of Scripture:
Sometimes there is a single deeper meaning for a single expression; sometimes there
are several deeper meanings for a single expression; sometimes there is a single deeper
meaning for several expressions; sometimes there are several deeper meanings for
several expressions. “When, therefore, we read the Divine Books, in such a great
multitude of true concepts elicited from a few words and fortified by the sound rule
of the catholic faith, let us prefer above all what it seems certain that the man we are
reading thought. But if this is not evident, let us certainly prefer what the circumstances
of the writing do not disallow and what is consonant with sound faith”.76
References
Sources
Alan of Lille. Anticlaudianus or the Good and Perfect Man. Transl. and comm. by J.J.
Sheridan. Pontifical Institute ofMedieval Studies. Toronto, 1973.
-. The Plaint of Nature. Transl. and comm. by J.J. Sheridan. Pontifical Institute of
Medieval Studies. Toronto, 1980.
Anselm of Canterbury. On the Harmony of the Foreknowledge, the Predestination, and
the Grace of God with Free Choice. Pp. 152-199 in: Anselm of Canterbury. Trinity,
Incarnation and Redemption. Theological Treatises. Edited with introduction by J.
Hopkins and H. Richardson. Harper and Row. New York, Evanston, London, 1970.
Asclepius. Pp. 286-377 in Hermetica. Ed. and transl. by Sir Walter Scott. Shambala,
Boston, 1993.
Augustine. The City of God. Transl. by H. Bettenson. Penguin Books, 1984.
-. Confessions. Transl. by E.B. Pussey. J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd. London, 1920.
-. On Christian Doctrine. Transl. by D.W. Robertson, Jr. The Library of Liberal Arts.
Bobbs-Merrill Educ. Publ. Indianapolis, 1979.
Beckman, N. and Kr. Kálund (eds.) 1914-16. Alfræði íslenzk. Islandsk encyclopædisk
litteratur. II. Rímtöl. S.L. Möllers Bogtrykkeri. Köbenhavn.
Bernardus Silvestris. Cosmographia. In: The Cosmographia of Bernardus Silvestris.
Translated with an introduction and notes by Winthrop Wetherbee. Columbia
University Press. New York, 1990.
Bettenson, H. (ed. & transl.). The Later Christian Fathers. A selection from the writings
of the Fathers from St. Cyril of Jerusalem to St. Leo the Great. Oxford University Press.
Oxford, New York, 1972.
Boethius. The Consolation of Philosophy. Transl. with an introduction by V.E. Watts.
Penguin Books, 1969.
Brehaut, E. (transl.). An Encyclopedist ofthe Dark Ages. Isidore of Seville. Burt Franklin.
NewYork, 1912.
Broberg, S.G. (ed.). Rémundar saga keisarasonar. Utgifven för Samfund til Udgivelse af
gammel nordisk litteratur. S.L. Möllers Bogtrykkeri. Köbenhavn, 1909-12.
Cicero. Dream of Scipio. In W.H. Stahl (ed. and transl.): Macrobius. Commentary on
the Dream ofScipio. Columbia Univ. Press. New York, 1990.
7ÍÍ Tr. Taylor 1961. The nested quotation is from Augustine De Genesi ad litteram I, xxi.