Náttúrufræðingurinn

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Náttúrufræðingurinn - 2017, Qupperneq 13

Náttúrufræðingurinn - 2017, Qupperneq 13
13 Tímarit Hins íslenska náttúrufræðifélags English Summary Tourist attitudes towards trans- mission lines in Icelandic nature In the last few years tourist visits to Iceland have increased dramatically and the tourism industry has grown im- mensely. Most tourists visit the country because of its nature, and thus particular care has to be taken when its appearance is altered. A growing demand for elec- tricity has increased the need for a more powerful distribution network through- out Iceland and there are plans for build- ing new transmission lines, either in ar- eas where these are already in place, or a c ro s s t h e h i g h l a n d p l a t e a u Sprengisandur. Due to the importance of tourism and the necessity for reinforc- ing the electric transmission system, it is imperative to understand the attitudes of tourists and the tourism industry to- wards transmission lines in nature. Little research has been conducted on the effects of transmission lines on tour- ists’ nature experiences. However, as a part of environmental impact assess- ments, several reports have been written in Iceland on the effects of proposed transmission lines on tourism. Tourists’ attitudes were analysed using a ques- tionnaire at seven locations where the construction of a power plant is pending. We found that tourists are generally neg- ative towards transmission lines, espe- cially in the Highlands. Transmission lines are considered one of the least de- sirable structures and most people do not consider them appropriate in wil- derness areas. Still, there is a considera- ble dissimilarity between the positions of different nationalities, the opposition towards transmission lines being high- est among Icelandic tourists. Þakkir Guðmundur Björnsson, Birgitta Stefánsdóttir, Silja Gunnarsdóttir og Ása Margrét Einarsdóttir dreifðu spurningalistum til ferðamanna. Gerður Gautsdóttir og Hulda Þorsteinsdóttir aðstoðuðu við innslátt gagnasafnsins og Adam Hoffritz annaðist kortagerð. Georgette Leah Burns, Laufey Har- aldsdóttir og Egill Björn Thorstensen sáu um dreifingu og innslátt spurn- ingalista í Skagafirði. Rannveig Ólafsdóttir veitti góð ráð til úrbóta á hand- ritinu og Áslaug J. Marinósdóttir las handritið yfir með tilliti til málsfars. Þeim öllum er þökkuð aðstoðin. Heimildir 1. Cain, N.L. & Nelson, H.T. 2013. What drives opposition to high-voltage transmission lines? Land Use Policy 33. 204–213. DOI: 10.1016/j.landuse- pol.2013.01.003 2. Vajjhala, S.P. & Fischbeck, P.S. 2007. Quantifying siting difficulty: A case study of US transmission line siting. Energy Policy 35 (1). 650–671. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2005.12.026 3. Furby, L., Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B. & Gregory, R. 1988. Public perceptions of electric power transmission lines. Journal of Environmental Psychol- ogy 8 (1). 19–43. DOI: 10.1016/S0272-4944(88)80021-5 4. Devine-Wright, P. & Howes, Y. 2010. Disruption to place attachment and the protection of restorative environments: A wind energy case study. Journal of Environmental Psychology 30 (3). 271–280. DOI: 10.1016/j. jenvp.2010.01.008 5. Priestley, T. & Evans, G.W. 1996. Resident perceptions of a nearby electric transmission line. Journal of Environmental Psychology 16 (1). 65–74. DOI: 10.1006/jevp.1996.0006 6. Soini, K., Pouta, E., Salmiovirta, M., Uusitalo, M. & Kivinen, T. 2011. Local residents’ perceptions of energy landscape: The case of transmis- sion lines. Land Use Policy 28 (1). 294–305. DOI: 10.1016/j.landuse- pol.2010.06.009 7. Devine-Wright, P. & Batel, S. 2013. Explaining public preferences for high voltage pylon designs: An empirical study of perceived fit in a rural landscape. Land Use Policy 31. 640–649. DOI: 10.1016/j.landuse- pol.2012.09.011 8. van den Berg, A.E., Koole, S.L. & van der Wulp, N.Y. 2003. Environmental preference and restoration: (How) are they related? 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Journal of Community & Applied Social Pshychology 19 (6). 426–441. DOI: 10.1002/casp.1004 14. Tempesta, T., Vecchiato, D. & Girardi, P. 2014. The landscape benefits of the burial of high voltage power lines: A study in rural areas of Italy. Landscape and Urban Planning 126. 53–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurb- plan.2014.03.003 15. Vorkinn, M. & Riese, H. 2001. Environmental concern in a local context: The significance of place attachment. Environment and Behavior 33 (2). 249–263. DOI: 10.1177/00139160121972972 16. Tangeland, T. & Aas, Ø. 2010. Kraftinstallasjoner i naturområder – Effek- ter på turisme, friluftsliv og bruk av fritidsboliger: En litteraturstudie. Norsk institutt for naturforskning, Ósló. 32 bls. 17. Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir & Rögnvaldur Ólafsson 2012. Áhrif raflínu frá Hólmsárvirkjun að Sigöldulínu 4 á ferðamennsku og útivist. Land- og ferðamálafræðistofa, Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild Háskóla Íslands, Reykjavík. 97 bls. 18. Gunnþóra Ólafsdóttir 2009. 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Rieck, N.A. 2006. 420 kV ledning Sima-Samnanger: Friluftsliv. 45 bls. http://www.statnett.no/PageFiles/1340/Dokumentarkiv/~4-Fagrap- porter%20til%20konsekvensutredningen/Delutredning%20konsekven- ser%20for%20friluftsliv%20_Sima%20-%20Samnanger_Asplan%20 Viak%20AS,%20juni%202006.pdf (skoðað 16. mars 2016). 23. Tangeland, T. 2009. 420 kV kraftledning Ofoten-Balsfjord: Konsekvensu- tredning for turisme og reiseliv. Norsk institutt for naturforskning, Lille- hammer. 68 bls. 24. Helland, L.K.B. & Biørnstad, I. 2009. 420 kV ledning Balsfjord – Hammer- fest: Konsekvensutredning for tema turisme og reiseliv. 64 bls. http:// www.statnett.no/PageFiles/1297/Dokumenter/~9-Fagrapporter%20 og%20temakart/Fagrapport%20turisme.pdf (skoðað 16. mars 2016). 25. Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir 2012. Ferðamennska á miðhálendi Íslands: Staða og spá um framtíðarhorfur. Land- og ferðamálafræðistofa, Líf- og umhverfisvísindadeild Háskóla Íslands, Reykjavík. 50 bls. 26. Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir 2010. 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Ferðamenn um Keflavíkurflugvöll. http://www. ferdamalastofa.is/is/tolur-og-utgafur/fjoldi-ferdamanna/talningar- -ferdamalastofu-i-flugstod-leifs-eirikssonar (skoðað 25. janúar 2017). 32. Ferðamálastofa 2015. Ferðaþjónusta á Íslandi í tölum. 27 bls. http://
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