Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.2009, Page 156

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THE OCCURENCE OF TWO SPECIES OF THE FAMILY PRIAPULIDAE IN FAROESE WATERS
Family Priapulidae
Genus Priapulus
Priapulus caudatus Lamarck, 1816
Synonyms:
Priapus humanus Linnaeus. 1758
Holothuria priapus Linnaeus. 1767
Hirudo annulis Olafsen. 1772
Priapula priapus de Blainville. 1826
Priapula caudata de Blainville. 1826
Priapula caudata Guárin-Meneville. 1829-1844
Priapulus vulgaris Cuvier. 1836
Priapulus hibernicus McCov. 1845
Priapulus brevicaudatus Ehlers. 1861
Priapulus glandulifera Ehlers. 1861
Lacazia hibernica de Ouatrefaees. 1865
Priapulus multidentatus Móbius. 1873
Priapulus intermedius Lenz. 1878
Priapulus pygmaeus Verrill. 1885
Priapulus pygmaeus Verrill. 188S
Priapulus humanus de Guerne. 1888
Priapulus pygmaens Collin. 1901
Priapulus caudatus var. antarticus Skorikov. 1902
Priapulus caudatus var. kristinebergensis Herubel. 1904
Priapulus caudatus var. mofjordinensis Herubel. 1904
Priapulus priapus Derjugin. 1906
Priapulus caudatus var. multidentatus Fischer. 1913
Priapulus tuberculatospinosus japonicus Murina and
Starobogatov. 1961
Priapulus profundus Sanders and Hessler. 1962
Good description: Wesenberg-Lund (1930).
Previous records: Wesenberg-Lund (1928), ZOF-1,
ZOF-2, ZOF-3 (see table 1) and FU07 (Nørrevang,
1990).
BIOFAR stations: 167, 169, 371, 372, 2211, 2212, 2215,
2216, 2391, 2395-2399, 2402, 2403, 2406, 2409,
2513, 2005233, 2006037, 200642, 2006046,
2006047, 2008032-2008034, 2008036, 2008048,
2008074.
Temperature: -0.85 to 12 °C.
Salinity: 34.92 to 35.200 %o.
Depth range in general: intertidal - 7500 m.
Depth range in Faroese waters: 0 - 1032 m.
Bottom type: Soft sediments in general.
General distribution: This is a northern circumpolar
arctic-boreal species; with a wide distribution in
the Northern hemisphere from the high Arctic to
low boreal waters. It has been found in the waters
of Greenland, Spitzbergen, Finmark, lceland, Faroe
Islands, Ireland, Great Britain, Denmark, North
America and Canada. It is also known from the
Baltic Sea, White Sea, Murman coast, Barentz Sea,
Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukcha
Sea, Alaska, Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea and Northern
Japan, near Hokkaido (Theel, 1906; Wesenberg-
Lund, 1925; 1930; Zenkevitch, 1940; Sazepin, 1948;
Murina, 1997). A fewspecimens were found in the
Mediterranean Sea at 100 m depth (Guille and
Laubier, 1965) and at 38 m depth (Murina, 1981).
The most unusual occurrence of this species was
in the Kurila-Kamchatka Trench where it was
found at a depth of 2670 m (Murina and
Starobogatov, 1961). Usually this species prefers
depths between 100 - 300 m and can be found in
sand, mud or silt.
Family Priapulidae
Genus Priapulopsis
Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Koren and Daniels-
sen, 1868).
Synonyms:
Priapulus bicaudatus Danielssen. 1868
Priapulopsis typicus Koren and Danielssen. 1875
Priapuloides bicaudatus de Guerne. 1888
Priapulus atlantisis Sandersand Hessler. 1962
Good description: Wesenberg-Lund (1930).
Previous records: Fisher (1922) at 60° 66' 67 N and 5°
58’ 33 W
BIOFAR stations: 172,230,361, 362,481,482,750,777,
9018,
Temperature: -0.6 to 2.0 °C.
Salinity: 34.90 to 34.920 %o.
Depth range in general: 7 - 2000 m.
Depth range in Faroese waters: 503 - 798 m.
Bottom type: Soft sediments in general.
General distribution: This is a cold-water species with
a wide vertical distribution (Adrianov and
Malakhov, 1999). Compared to R caudatus the
area of distribution of this species is much more
restricted. According to Fischer (1922), it was
dredged by the "Valdivia expedition" north of the
Wyville-Thomson Ridge in the Faroe-Shetland
Channel 60° 40' N., 5° 35' W, 652 m, at bottom