Læknablaðið - 15.01.1998, Page 33

LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1998; 84
31
HEIMILDIR
1. Harlap S.The benefits and risks of hormone replace-
ment therapy: an epidemiologic overview. Am J Obstet
Gynaecol 1992; 166: 1986-92.
2. Smith DC, Prentice R, Thompson DJ, Herrmann WL.
Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial car-
cinoma. N Engl J Med 1975; 293: 1164-7.
3. Ziel HK, Finkle WD. Increased risk of endometrial
carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens. N Engl
J Med 1975; 293: 1167-70.
4. Persson I, Adami HO, Bergkvist L. Risk of endometrial
cancer after treatment with oestrogens alone or in con-
junction with progestogens: results of a prospective
study. BMJ 1989; 298: 147-51.
5. Voigt LF, Weiss NS, Chu J, Daling JR, McKnight B,
Van Belle G. Progestagen supplementation of exog-
enous oestrogens and risk of endometrial cancer. Lancet
1991; 338: 274-7.
6. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA,
Willett WC, Rosner B, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen
and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 453-61.
7. Guðmundsson JA. Breytingaskeið og hormónameð-
ferð. Læknaneminn 1996; 1: 58-64.
8. Coope J, Thompson JM, Poller L. Effects of “natural
oestrogen” replacement therapy on menopausal symp-
toms and blood clotting. BMJ 1975; 4: 139^13.
9. Wingo PA, Layde PM, Lee NC, Rubin G, Ory HW. The
risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women who
have used estrogen replacement therapy. JAMA 1987;
257: 209-15.
10. Steinberg KK, Thacker SB, Smith SJ. A meta-analysis
of the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the risk
of breast cancer. JAMA 1991; 265: 1985-90.
11. Collaborative Group of Hormonal Factors in Breast
Cancer. Breast cancer and hormone replacement ther-
apy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemi-
ological studies of 52705 women with breast cancer and
108411 women without breast cancer. Lancet 1997; 350:
1047-59.
12. Belchetz PE. Hormonal treatment of postmenopausal
women. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1062-71.
13. Tang M, Jacobs D, Stern Y, Marder K, Schofield P,
Gurland B, et al. Effect of oestrogen during menopause
on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet
1996; 348: 429-32.
14. Nevitt MC, Cummings SRC, Lane NE, Hochberg MC,
Scott JC, Pressman AR, et al. Association of estrogen
replacement therapy with the risk of osteoarthritis of the
hip in elderly white women. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156:
2073-80.
15. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Walter BS,
Willett WC, Manson JE, et al. Postmenopausal hor-
mone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:
1769-75.
16. Manfreðsdóttir VF, Tryggvadóttir L, Tulinius H, Guð-
mundsdóttir GB. Notkunarmynstur getnaðarvarnapill-
unnar á fslandi 1965-89. Læknablaðið 1996; 82: 460-4.
17. Kiel DP, Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Wilson PWF, Mos-
kowitz MA. Hip fracture and the use of estrogens in
postmenopausal women: the Framingham Study. N
Engl J Med 1987; 317: 1169-74.
18. Ettinger B, Genant HK, Cann CE. Long-term estrogen
replacement therapy prevents bone loss and fractures.
Ann Intern Med 1985; 102: 319-24.
19. Hutchinson TA, Polansky SM, Feinstein AR. Post-
menopausal oestrogens protect against fractures of hip
and distal radius: a case-control study. Lancet 1979; 2:
705-9.
20. Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Gerkins VR, Henderson
BE, Arthur M, Mack TM. Menopausal estrogen therapy
and hip fractures. Ann Intern Med 1981; 95: 28-31.
21. Weiss NS, Ure CL, Ballard JH, Williams AR, Daling
JR. Decreased risk of fractures of the hip and lower
forearm with postmenopausal use of estrogen. N Engl J
Med 1980; 303: 1195-8.
22. Deal CL. Osteoporosis: prevention, diagnosis and man-
agement. Am J Med 1997; 102/Suppl. 1A: 35S-9S.
23. Falkeborn M, Persson I, Terent A, Adami HO, Lithell
H, Bergström R. Hormone replacement therapy and the
risk of stroke. Follow-up of a population-based cohort in
Sweden. Arch Intem Med 1993; 153: 1201-9.
24. Finucane FF, Madans JH, Bush TL, Wolf PH, Klein-
man JC. Decreased risk of stroke among postmenopau-
sal hormone users. Results from a national cohort. Arch
Intern Med 1993; 153: 73-9.
25. Thompson SG, Meade TW, Greenbert G. The use of
hormonal replacement therapy and the risk of stroke
and myocardial infarction in women. J Epid Comm
Health 1989: 43; 173-8.
26. Tryggvadóttir L, Tulinius H, Lárusdóttir M. A decline
and a halt in mean age at menarche in Iceland. Ann
Hum Biol 1994; 24: 179-86.
27. Bergmann J, Sigurðsson J, Sigurðsson K. Er hægt að
bæta þátttöku í leit að leghálskrabbameini? [ágripj.
Læknaneminn 1992; 1: 77.