Milli mála - 01.06.2014, Page 62

Milli mála - 01.06.2014, Page 62
LES USAGES STYLISTIQUES DE L’IMPARFAIT Milli mála 6/2014 65 breytu þarf viðmælandinn að draga sérstakar viðbótarályktanir sem bæði mælandinn og viðmælandinn geta ímyndað sér fyrir fram. Á grundvelli þessa sameiginlega viðhorfs ofangreindra fræðimanna er sú tilgáta sett fram hér að í þessari afbrigðilegu notkun þar sem lý- singarþátíðin nýtist ekki til að tímasetja verknaðinn sé hlutverk hen- nar pragmatískt. Með því er átt við að imparfait-þátíðin sé sérstakle- ga notuð í slíkum tilvikum til að hafa hugræn áhrif með því að ætlast til þess af viðmælandanum að hann dragi ályktanir. Tilgátan er skýrð með dæmi úr svokallaðri kurteisislýsingarþátíð (fr. imparfait de politesse) þar sem viðmælandinn uppgötvar sjálfur kurteisismer- kingu setningarinnar með því að leita að gildi breytunnar. Lykilorð: frönsk málfræði, merkingarfræði, málnotkunarfræði (pragmatík), tíðarmerking, horfsmerking French imparfait without aspecto-temporal value This paper deals with some special uses of the French imperfect (Fr. imparfait) where past meaning and imperfective aspect seem ir- relevant. First we examine one by one the different explanations proposed by Pierre Le Goffic, Louis de Saussure, Bertrand Sthioul, Anne-Marie Berthonneau and Georges Kleiber, and then we consi- der what they have in common. All these approaches emphasize the fact that the constitution of the propositional form of a sentence whose verb is in imparfait always involves a variable that needs to be determined. Based on this opinion, the article makes the hypothesis that the function of imparfait is sometimes pragmatical. When it does not serve to situate an event in time, it is used to produce a desired cognitive effect through the inferential operations which it forces the interlocutor to perform. This hypothesis is illustrated with an example of the imperfect of politeness (Fr. imparfait de poli- tesse) where the interlocutor discovers the politeness of the sentence by searching for the value of the variable himself. Keywords: French grammar, semantics, pragmatics, semantics of ten- ses, semantics of aspects
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