Orð og tunga - 26.04.2018, Page 99

88 Orð og tunga
Margrét Jónsdóttir. 2006. Viðskeytið -rænn í íslensku nútímamáli. Í: Bók-
menntaljós. Heiðursrit til Turið Sigurðardóttur, bls. 285−299. Þórshöfn:
Felagið Fróðskapur. Faroe University Press.
Margrét Jónsdóttir. 2015. From accusative to dative (via nominative): The
case of fjölga ‘increase’ and fækka ‘decrease’ in Icelandic. Í: Martin Hilpert
o.fl. (ritstj.). New Trends in Nordic and General Linguistics, bls. 181−201.
Berlín o.v.: De Gruyter.
ONP = Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog. http://onp.ku.dk/
Pintzuk, Susan. 2003. Variationist approaches to syntactic change. Í: Brian D.
Joseph og Richard D. Janda (ritstj.). The Handbook of Historical Linguistics,
bls. 509−528. Malden o.v.: Blackwell.
ROH = Ritmálssafn Orðabókar Háskólans. http://www.arnastofnun.is/page/gagna-
sofn_ritmalssafn
Saeed, John I. 2003. Semantics. Önnur útgáfa. Oxford: Blackwell.
Slangurorðabók. htt p://slangur.snara.is/
Wood, Jim. 2012. Icelandic Morphosyntax and Argument Structure. New York
University: Doctoral dissertation.
Lykilorð
íslensk málsaga, beygingar- og orðmyndunarfræði, setningafræði
Keywords
history of the Icelandic language, inflectional morphology, word formation, syntax
Abstract
Icelandic has a number of anticausative/inchoative verbs suffixed with -na, i.e., verbs
like batna, hitna, stirðna ‘become better/warm(er)/stiff(er)’. They are, from a synchronic
point of view, all related to adjectives. It has been generally assumed that the na-
formation and -st formation do not combine, in other words, that na-verbs can’t be
suffixed with -st (sofnast being an exception). This is mainly based on the assumption
that -na is a productive suffix forming an agentless verb. The paper concludes that this
is not the case. The assumption is that -na is not a suffix any longer. Many examples
of st-cliticized na-verbs are found in Icelandic, e.g. batnast, hitnast, stirðnast. They are
found in written Icelandic sources, both in the oldest as well as in very young sources
of a different kind. For comparison, the behaviour of two verbal groups are discussed
in the paper. On the one hand, there are -k(k)a/-ga-verbs suffixed with -st, having
an anticausative/ergative meaning, i.e. fjölgast ‘increase’, stækkast ‘become big(ger)’.
Numerous verbs belong to this group. On the other hand, there is a very small group
of verbs, i.e. batast ‘become better’, hitast ‘become warm(er)’, meyrast ‘become tender’;
these verbs, that have the same root as the na-verbs, are used in an anticausative/
ergative meaning and have a causative counterpart as well.
tunga_20.indb 88 12.4.2018 11:50:44