Íslenska þjóðfélagið - 16.12.2022, Blaðsíða 64

Breytingar á verkaskiptingu á heimili meðal starfandi feðra og mæðra í fyrstu bylgju COVID-19
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vinnu og umönnunarábyrgðar versnaði sérstaklega meðal mæðra sem
unnu fjarvinnu heima og er það í samræmi við erlendar rannsóknir.
LYKILORÐ: COVID-19 – samþætting launavinnu og umönnunarábyrgð-
ar – umönnun – heimilisstörf – fjarvinna
ABSTRACT: COVID-19 brought with it extensive changes in people’s
lives. The pandemic disrupted employment and home life, with the clo-
sure of workplaces, increased remote work, and reduced services of care
givers. At the initiative of Utrecht University, a multinational study enti-
tled “Gender (In) equality in Times of COVID-19” was launched. Data
were collected via a questionnaire on the effect of the pandemic on the
status of parents in paid work, division of household work, care, and the
reconciliation between paid work and care. The survey was conducted in
Iceland by Gallup after restrictions on gatherings were lifted following the
first wave in May 2020. This article examines the impact of the pandemic
on gendered division of working parents with spouses regarding care and
housework and reconciliation between paid work and care. In the light of
previous research, the impact of the pandemic on these factors is examined
depending on where work was performed, whether work was performed
remotely from home or in the workplace. The main results show small
gender difference in changes in where work was performed (working re-
motely or at the workplace). Large, gendered differences were, on the oth-
er hand, found in care work and housework, both before and after the pan-
demic. In accordance with recent international research on COVID-19,
results suggest that with regards to housework parents became more equal
after the pandemic: Fathers who worked from home, but their spouses at
the workplace, increased their share of domestic work, while mothers who
worked at the workplace, but their spouses worked from home, reduced
their share of domestic responsibilities. Similar changes in the division of
care between parents were not found. Reconciliation between paid work
and care deteriorated with the pandemic, more so among parents of young
children and parents who worked at home. Regression analysis shows that
reconciliation of paid work and care deteriorated especially among moth-
ers who worked remotely from home. This is in accordance with interna-
tional research.
KEYWORDS: COVID-19 – reconciliation between paid work and care
– care work – domestic work – remote work

Inngangur
COVID-19 faraldurinn raskaði atvinnu- og heimilislífi með sóttvarnartakmörkunum sem leiddu til
lokunar vinnustaða, aukinnar fjarvinnu og takmarkana á leik- og grunnskólastarfi og lokana fram-
halds- og háskóla. Í þessari grein er spurt hvaða áhrif þessar breytingar höfðu á staðsetningu launaðr-
ar vinnu, skiptingu umönnunar og heimilisstarfa og samþættingu launavinnu og umönnunar meðal
starfandi sambúðarforeldra.
Að frumkvæði Utrecht-háskólans var hrint úr vör fjölþjóðlegri rannsókn sem ber heitið „Gender
(In)equality in Times of COVID-19“. Gagna var aflað með spurningakönnun þar sem spurt var um
margvíslega þætti er vörðuðu breytingar á högum foreldra vegna farsóttarinnar í vinnu og heima,
ágreining í parasamböndum, skiptingu heimilisstarfa og launavinnu, heimilisstörf og umönnun