Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.2009, Page 17

Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.2009, Page 17
Helgoland og Norðurhavsoyggjar Heligoland and the Norwegian Islands in the North Atlantic Zakarias Wang Hornavegur 16, FO-188 Hoyvík, Faroe Islands. Email: zakarias@olivant.fo Úrtak í 1814 kom friður í lag Stórabretlands, Svøríkis og Dan- markar millum. Stórabretland fekk frá Danmørk oynna Helgoland. Svøríki læt Danmørk svenska Pommern og Rúgen móti at fáa Noreg, men í evstu stund var friðar- sáttmálin broyttur, so norsku oyggjarnar í Norðurhøv- um, Grønland, Føroyar og ísland, ikki fylgdu við Noregi. Skjalatilfarið sigur lítið um, hví hetta hendi, men settar eru fram ymsar tilgitingar. Her verður tann tilgiting førd fram, at tað kann vera bretska kravið um Helgoland, sum hevur fingið Karl Johan at sleppa Norðurhavs- oyggjum fyri at fáa friðin í lag beinanvegin. Á tann hátt slapp hann undan illstøðu við sameindu sínar, serliga bretar, sum vóru misnøgdir við, at hann hevði tikið seg burtur úr bardaganum ímóti Napoleon fyri at vinna Noreg. Abstract The peace treaties of Kiel in 1814 between Denmark and the United Kingdom, and Denmark and Sweden ceded the island of Heligoland (Helgoland) to the UK and Norway to Sweden. In return for Norway, Den- mark was given Pomerania and Rugen, the Swedish provinces in Germany. At the last moment, the treaty between Denmark and Sweden was changed, so the Norwegian islands in the North Atlantic, Greenland, Faroe and lceland, should not be ceded to Sweden with Norway. The sources are rather silent on the reasons for this change. DifTerent hypotheses have been put forward. Here the hypothesis is launched, that it is possible that the British demand for the island of Heligoland caused the Swedish crown prince and commander-in-chief Karl Johan relinquish on the islands in the North Atlantic in order to get the peace treaties signed at once so that he could prevent a conflict with his allies, especially the British, who were rather upset because he had pursued his own war aims instead of following the allies in their westward thrust in order to topple the reign of the emperor Napoleon. Inngangur Tann 15. januar 1814, klokkan trý á morgni (Wollebæk, 1928; 17), vórðu tveir friðarsátt- málar undirritaðir í Kiel, høvuðsstaðnum í hertogadøminum Holstein. Báðir sáttmálar- nir vórðu tó dagsettir tann 14. januar. Fyrri sáttmálin var millum kong Danmarkar og kong Stórabretlands og írlands. Hin var mill- um kong Danmarkar og kong Svøríkis (Tractater, 187;, 56-73). Uniónin Kongur Danmarkar, Fríðrikur VI, var ikki bert kongur í Danmarkar ríki, men eisini í Noregs ríki. Tann 29. august 1450 høvdu hesi bæði ríki gjørt eina uniónstraktat. Hesin fólkarætt- arligi sáttmáli ásetti, at ríkini skuldu verða saman sum javnlíkar í friði og kríggi, og at tey skuldu hava kong í felag. Eftir hendan dag vóru tí hvørki Danmørk ella Noreg fullveldis- ríki (t.e. suverenir statir). Tann unión, sum tey vóru farin uppí, hevði vegna báðar deilstatir- nar myndugleika at gera sáttmálar við aðrar fólkarættareindir. "Fosturlandið" var tí, sum prósturin Fríðrikur Schmidt segði á Eidsvold tann 13. mai 1814, tann sameindi danski- norski staturin (Koht, 1925; 14). Fróðskaparrit 57. bók 2009:15-23
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