Árbók Hins íslenzka fornleifafélags

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Árbók Hins íslenzka fornleifafélags - 01.01.1982, Qupperneq 55

Árbók Hins íslenzka fornleifafélags - 01.01.1982, Qupperneq 55
BYGGÐALEIFAR Á ÞÓRSMÖRK 59 different thicknesses of loess, is present in a rofbarð near the Þuríðarstaðir sites. Both sequences demonstrate the considerable amount of erosion and deposition that has occured in the recent past. A further indication of the intensity of recent processes is provided in a remarkable exposure near Þuríðarstaðir efri where 2.6 m of deposits exist above the Eyjafjallajökull layer. This ex- posure is interesting because the deposits are composed of 74 different units; mainly alternations of grit or sand and loessic material. The sequence continues below the Eyjafjallajökull layer for a further 2 m but the deposits become very much coarser. The entire sequence appears to represent a series of fans, perhaps related to different channels. It is even possible that a coarse and a fine layer represent an annual cycle of different processes. The intriguing aspect is that, apart from this exposure, the slopes are now grass-covered, indicating that revegetation is possible. The protected area of Húsadalur, together with the abandoned farm of 1802, present a differ- ent situation, with its extensive birch cover. In contrast to the 83 cm of loessic soil above the Eyja- fjallajökull layer in the rofbarð near Steinfinnsstaðir, an exposure near the site indicates only 14 cm of loess above the same layer. There is no indication that substantial amounts of material have been removed from this site and the facts appear to indicate a much more stable local environ- ment'. It also suggests that most of the rofbarðs have been built up from material eroded from the immediately adjacent slopes. Other exposures in Húsadalur indicate rapid revegetation following soil disturbance and is firm evidence of the recuperative powers of the landscape of sheep are ex- cluded. A number of processes, such as spring sapping, gullying, slumping, piping and snow patch erosion, will initiate bare areas, but it is trampling and overgrazing by sheep that prevents re-vegetation taking place. The bare areas then become enlarged, with wind erosion taking over as the major process in many localities. The enclosure of land in Þórsmörk, from the activities of sheep, is an indication that birch for- est will regenerate. It is also possible that the protected area may provide a base for the re-vegeta- tion of neighbouring areas. But great care will need to be taken to ensure that recreation does not achieve what sheep have been prevented from doing.. REFERENCES Ashwell, I.Y. (1966) Glacial control of wind and soil erosion in Iceland. Annals of the Associ- ation of American Geographers, 56, 529—540. Bjarnason, H. (1978) Erosion, tree growth and land regeneration in Iceland. In M.W. Holdgate and M.J. Woodman (eds.) The breakdown andrestoration of ecosystems, 241—248. New York and London. Gilman, K. and Newson, M.D. (1980) Soil pipes and pipeftow: A hydrological study in upland Wales, Norwich, England. Haraldsson, H. (1981) The Markarfljót sandur area, southern lceland: sedimentological, petrographical and stratigraphical studies. Striae, 15, Uppsala. Þórarinsson, S. (1962) L’erosion éolienne en Islande a la lumiére des etudes tephrochronologi- ques. Revue de Géomorphologie Dynamique, 13, 107, 124. APPENDIX II Ironworking Slags from Steinfinnsstaðir and Þuríðarstaðir efri, Þórsmörk. by J.G. McDonnell. The manufacture and working of iron was an industry of major importance in all ”iron age“ communities. The evidence for this industry is provided by the finished products, swords, knives,
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Árbók Hins íslenzka fornleifafélags

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