Náttúrufræðingurinn

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Náttúrufræðingurinn - 1981, Side 151

Náttúrufræðingurinn - 1981, Side 151
veitu Reykjavíkur á fundi V.F.f. 22. og 29. des. 1937. Tímarit V.F.f. 22: 55-69. Sæmundsson, Kristján & Ingvar Birgir Fnðleifson. 1980. Jarðhiti og jarðfræðirannsóknir. Náttúrufræðingurinn 50: 157—188 Thorsteinsson, Þorsteinn. 1975. Redevelopment of the Reykir hydrothermal system in southwestern Iceland. Second UN Geothermal Symposium Proceedings. 2173-2184. White, D. E., L.J. P. Muffler&A. H. Truesdell. 1971. Vapordominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot water sys- tems. Economic Geology 66: 75 97. Þórarinsson, Sigurður. 1974. Vötnin stríð. Saga Skeiðarárhlaupa og Grímsvatnagosa. Bókaútgáfa Menningarsjóðs, Reykjavík, 254 bls. SUMMARY Heat, Groundwater and Geothermal Systems by Sveinbjörn Bjórnsson, Science lnshtute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík. Although the origin and nature of low- temperature geothermal systems are gener- ally understood, there remain many questions to be answered. What is the age of the geothermal water issued in hot springs? How great is the total flow of hot ground- water and where does the water go, that does not find an outlet in the hot springs? fs the regional conducted heat flow sufficient to heat the groundwater current? What con- trols the upflow of hot water in the hot spring areas? Can the water convect in the rock? Can we explain the high temperature systems with the same model as the low- temperature ones? What happens when the upwelling water starts boiling in the rock? Should we regard the high temperature fields as finite mines of heat or as a con- tinuous flux of heat from an infinite heat source? To deal with questions of this nature we have to apply basic principles of ground- water theory and thermodynamics. The paper reviews these principles and gives a riumber of examples that illustrate the nature of geothermal systems. Accurate cal- culations are hampered by inadequate knowledge of many physical properties of rock. Computer modelling will in the near future greatly advance theoretical under- standing of geothermal processes and geothermal systems. The powerful tech- nique of computer simulation will still be of little use unless we gather reliable input data on pressure conditions and natural heat loss of the individual systems we want to simu- late. 293
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