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SUMMARY
Environmental Aspects of
Geothermal Energy Production
and Utilisation
by Jón Steinar Guðmundsson,
Orkustofnun — Iceland Energy Authority —
Geothermal Division, Grensásvegur 9, Reykjavík.
The utilisation of low-temperature
geothermal energy for over 50 years in Ice-
land has not caused environmental pro-
blems. This is largely due to the favourable
chemical composition of the thermal waters
used. Low-temperature (60—130°C)
geothermal waters are primarily used for
space heating and contain iess than 500
mg/1 of dissolved solids in most instances.
Geothermal water used for space heating in
Iceland is discharged into the sewer system
when it has cooled down to 25—35°C. The
production of hot water from the geother-
mal fields serving Reykjavík and neigh-
bouring areas has resulted in a draw-down
of the water table and the disappearance of
natural hot spring activity. The production
capacity of these fields is approximately 10
times the estimated natural flow before
drilling. What is lacking at some hot spring
sites that are utilised in Iceland is good
keeping of their immediate surroundings.
There is limited utilisation of high-
temperature fields in Iceland. Drilling has
been carried out in 7 of the fields and
presently 4 are being used for industrial,
space heating and electricity generation
307