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Læknablaðið - 15.01.1996, Page 30

Læknablaðið - 15.01.1996, Page 30
18 LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1996; 82 16. Linares J, Garau J, Domínguez D, Pérez JL. Antibiotic resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae from patients with community-acquired pneumococcal disease. Antimicrob Ag Chemoth 1983; 23: 545-7. 17. Jacobs MR, Koornhof HJ, Robins-Browne RM, Steven- son CM, Vermaak ZA, Freiman I, et al. Emergence of multiply resistant pneumococci. N Engl J Med 1978; 299: 735^10. 18. Koornhof HJ, Jacobs M, Isaacson M, Appelbaum P. Miller B, Stevenson CM, et al. Follow-up on multiple- antibiotic resistant pneumococci — South Africa. Morb Mort Weekly Rep 1978; 27: 1-7. 19. Meers PD, Matthews RB. Multiply resistant pneumo- coccus. Lancet 1978; 2: 219. 20. Tomasz A. Multiple-antibiotic-resistantpathogenicbac- teria. A report on the Rockefeller University Workshop [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1247-51. 21. Georgopapadakou NH. Penicillin-binding proteins and bacterial resistance to 6- lactams. Antimicrob Ag Che- moth 1993; 37: 2045-53. 22. Coffey TJ, Dowson CG. Daniels M, Spratt BG. Genet- ics and molecular biology of B-lactam-resistant pneumo- cocci. Microb Drug Resist 1995; 1: 29-34. 23. Paris MM, Ramilo O, McCracken MG. Management of meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae [review]. Antimicrob Ag Chemoth 1995; 39: 2171-5. 24. Alonso J, Madrigal V, García-Fuentes M. Recurrent meningitis from a multiply resistant Streptococcus pneu- moniae strain treated with erythromycin. Ped Infect Dis J 1991; 10: 256-7. 25. Asensi F. Pérez-Tamarit D, Otero MC, Callego M, Lianes S, Abadia C, et al. Imipenem-cilastatin therapy in a child with meningitis caused by a multiresistant pneumococcus. Ped Infect Dis J 1989; 8: 895. 26. Pallares R, Linares J, Vadillo M, Cabellos C, Manresa F, Viladrich PF, et al. Resistance to penicillin and ce- phalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 474-80. 27. Catalán MJ, Fernández JM, Vazquez E, de Seijas EV, Suárez A, Carlos J, et al. Failure of cefotaxime in the treatment of meningitis due to relatively resistant Strep- tococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18: 766-9. 28. Sloas MM, Barrett FF, Chesney PJ, English BK, Hill BC, Tenover FC, et al. Cephalosporin treatment failure in penicillin- and cephalosporin- resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Ped Infect Dis J1992; 11: 662-6. 29. Bradley JS, Connor JD. Ceftriaxone failure in meningi- tis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. Ped Infect Dis J 1991; 10: 871-3. 30. Friedland IR, Shelton S, Paris MM, Rinderknecht S, Ehrett S, Krisher K, et al. Dilemmasin the diagnosis and treatment of cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Ped Infect Dis J 1993; 12: 196- 200. 31. John CC. Treatment failure with use of a third-gener- ation cephalosporin for penicillin-resistant pneumococ- cal meningitis: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18: 188-93. 32. Lonks JR, Durkin MR, Meyerhoff AN, Medeiros AA. Meningitis due to ceftriaxone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 893-94. 33. Hofmann J, Cetron MS, Farley MM, Baughman WS, Facklam RR; Elliott JA, et al. The prevalence of drug- resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Atlanta. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 481-6. 34. Klugman KP, Saunders J. Pneumococci resistant to ex- tended-spectrum cephalosporins in South Africa [let- ter]. Lancet 1993; 341: 1164. 35. Gasc A-M, Kauc L, Barraille P, Sicard M, Goodgal S. Gene localization, size and physical map of the chromo- some of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Bacteriol 1991; 173: 7361-7. 36. Boswell TC, Nye KJ, Smith EG. Penicillin- and pen- icillin-cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal septicae- mia. J Antimicrob Chemoth 1994; 34: 845-6. 37. Henrichsen J. Six newly recognized types of Streptococ- cus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 2759-62. 38. Gray BM, Dillon HC. Clinical and epidemiologic stud- ies of pneumococcal infections in children. Ped Infect Dis J 1986; 5: 201-7. 39. Finland M, Barnes M. Changes in occurrence of capsu- lar serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae at Boston City Hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974. J Clin Microbiol 1977; 5: 154—66. 40. Sniadack DH, Schwartz B, Lipman H, Bogaerts J, But- ler JC, DaganR, et al. Potential interventions for the prevention of childhood pneumonia: geographic and temporal differences in serotype and serogroup distribu- tion of sterile site pneumococcal isolates from children — implications for vaccine strategies. Ped Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 503-10. 41. Butler JC, Breiman RF, Lipman HB, Hofmann J, Fack- lam RR. Serotype distribution of Streptococcuspneumo- niae infections among preschool children in the United States, 1978-1994: implications for development of a conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 1995; 171: 885-9. 42. Marton A, Gulyas M, Munoz R, Tomasz A. Extremely high incidence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hungary. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 542-8. 43. Fenoll A, Bourgon CM, Munóz R, Vicioso D, Casal J. Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing systemic in- fections in Spain, 1979-1989. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13: 56-60. 44. Baquero F, Loza E. Origins and evolution of penicillin resistance. In: Klugman K, ed. Pneumococcus, with par- ticular reference to penicillin — resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vol. 2. Roussel Uciaf, 1994: 75-8. 45. Baquero F. Pneumococcal resistance to B-lactam anti- biotics: a global geographic overview. Microb Drug Re- sist 1995; 1: 115-20. 46. Kristinsson KG, Hjalmarsdottir MA, Steingrimsson O. Increasing penicillin resistance in pneumococci in Ice- land [letterj. Lancet 1992; 339: 1606-7. 47. Woods GL, Washington JA. Antimicrobial susceptibil- ity tests: dilution and disk diffusion methods. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 6th ed. Washing- ton DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1995:1327- 41. 48. Kronvall G. A rapid slide-agglutination method for typ- ing pneumococci by means of specific antibody adsorbed to protein-A-containing staphylococci. J Med Microbiol 1973; 6: 187-90. 49. Kristinsson KG, Hjálmarsdóttir MÁ, Axelsson A, Gud- nason T. Invasion and spread of penicillin resistant pneumococci in Iceland. Programs and Abstracts of the 33rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. New Orleans. Washington DC: (American Society for Microbiology 1993: 335. (Ab- stract 1180.) 50. Kristinsson KG, Hjálmarsdóttir MÁ, Gudnason T. Epi- demiology of penicillin resistant pneumococci in Iceland — Hope for the future? Abstracts of the 35th Inter- science Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Che- motherapy. San Francisco. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1995 : 41. (Abstract C9.)
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