Náttúrufræðingurinn

Volume

Náttúrufræðingurinn - 2012, Page 71

Náttúrufræðingurinn - 2012, Page 71
71 Tímarit Hins íslenska náttúrufræðifélags Þakkir Ýmsar hafa lagt vinnu af mörkum við lestur handritsins og annan undir- búning að þessari grein. Fyrst vil ég þakka Rósu Ólafsdóttur fyrir teikn- ingu flestra myndanna. Sveinbjörn Björnsson, Kristín Vala Ragnarsdóttir og ónefndur ritrýnir lásu handritið og komu með margar góðar ábend- ingar sem hafa bætt handritið verulega og stuðlað að skýrara málfari. Þeim þakka ég öllum veitt framlag. Heimildir 1. Bertrani, R. 2010. Geothermal power generation in the world 2005–2010 update report. í: World Geothermal Congress 2010, Balí. Indónesíu, 24.– 29. apríl 2010, útdráttur 0008. 2. Lund, J.W., Freeston, D.H. & Boyd, T.L. 2010. Direct utilization of geother- mal energy, 2010 worldwide review. í: World Geothermal Congress 2010, Balí. Indónesíu, 24.–29. apríl, 2010, útdráttur 0007. 3. Stefán Arnórsson, Guðni Axelsson & Kristján Sæmundsson 2008. Geo- thermal systems in Iceland. Jökull 58. 269–302. 4. Brundtland-skýrsla SÞ 1987. Our common future. Report on the World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford University Press, New York. 400 bls. 5. Guðmundur Pálmason 2005. Jarðhitabók: eðli og nýting auðlindar. Hið íslenska bókmenntafélag, Reykjavík. 298 bls. 6. Meadows, D., Randers, J. & Meadows, D. 2004. The limits to Growth: the 30-year update. Chelsea Green Publishing Company, White River Junction, VT. 338 bls. 7. Kristín Vala Ragnarsdóttir, Sverdrup, H.U. & Koca, D. 2012. Assessing long term sustainability of global supply of natural resources and mate- rials. í: Sustainable Development – Energy, Engineering and Technolo- gies – Manufacturing and Environment (ritstj. Ghenai, C.). InTech Pub- lishers. 83–116. 8. Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Person, Å., Chaplin, F.S., Lambin, E.S., Lenton, T.M., Sheffers, M., Folke, K., Schnellnhuber, H.J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., C.A., Rodhe, H., Sörlin, S., Snyder, P.K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R.W., Fabry, V.J., Hansem, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P. & Foley, J.A. 2009. A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461. 472–475. 9. Wikipedia 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Temperature_ Anomaly_1880–2010_%28Fig.A%29.gif 10. European Union 2009. Official Journal of the European Union 1. 140/16–62. 11. Survey of Energy Resources 2010. World Energy Council – For sustaina- ble energy (www.worldenergy.org/publications/3040.asp). 12. Valgarður Stefánsson 2000. The renewability of geothermal energy. Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2000, Kyushu – Tohoku, Japan, 28. maí til 10. júní 2000. 883–888. 13. Mannington, W.I., O'Sullivan, M.J.O., Bullivant, D.P. & Clotworthy, A.W. 2004. í ráðstefnuriti Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Kaliforníu, 26.–28. janúar, 2004, STP-TR-175. 14. Glover, R.B. & Mroczek, E.K. 2009. Chemical changes in natural features and well discharges in response to production at Wairakei, New Zealand. Geothermics 38. 117–133. 15. O'Sullivan, M., Yeh, A. & Mannington, W. 2010. Renewability of geother- mal resources. Geothermics 39. 314–320. 16. Sanyal, S.K. 2005. Sustainability and renewability of geothermal power capacity. í: World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, útdráttur 0520. 17. Gunnar Böðvarsson 1982. Terrestrial energy currents and transfer in Iceland. Bls. 271–282 í: Continental and oceanic rifts (ritstj. Guðmundur Pálmason). Geodynamic Series 8. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. 18. Trausti Einarsson 1966. Um orsakir jarðhitans. Tímarit Verkfræðinga- félags Íslands 51. 23–32. 19. Sveinbjörn Björnsson 1980. Jarðhiti, grunnvatn og varmi. Náttúrufræð- ingurinn 50. 271–293. 20. Axel Björnsson, Guðni Axelsson & Ólafur G. Flóvenz 1990. Uppruni hvera og lauga á Íslandi. Náttúrufræðingurinn 60. 15–38. 21. Faure, G. 1991. Principles and applications of inorganic geochemistry. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. 626 bls. 22. Hartmann, W.K. & Davis, D.R. 1975. Satellite-sized planetesimals and lunar origin. Icarus 24. 504–515. 23. Pollack, H.N., Hurter, S.J. & Johnson, J.R. 1993. Heat-flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set. Reviews of Geophysics 31. 267–280. 24. Hofmeister, A.M. & Criss, R.E. 2005. Earth's heat flux revised and linked to chemistry. Tectonophysics 395. 159–177. 25. Jaupart, C., Labrosse, S. & Mareschal, J.-C. 2007. Temperatures, heat and energy in the mantle of the Earth. Bls. 253–303 í: Treatise on Geophysics 7, Mantle Convection (ritstj. Bercovici, D.). Elsevier. 26. Davis, J.H. & Davis, R.D. 2010. Earth's surface heat flux. Solid Earth 1. 5–24. 27. Schwarzschild, B.M. 2011. Neutrinos from Earth's interior measure the planet's radiogenic heating. Physics Today 64. 14–17. 28. Guðmundur Pálmason, Gunnar V. Johnsen, Helgi Torfason, Kristján Sæmundsson, Karl Ragnars, Guðmundur Ingi Haraldsson & Gísli Karel Halldórsson 1985. Mat á jarðvarma Íslands. Orkustofnun, skýrsla OS-85076/JHD-10. 134 bls. 29. Goff, F. & Janik, C.J. 2000. Geothermal systems. Bls. 817–834 í: Encyclo- pedia of Volcanoes (ritstj. Haraldur Sigurðsson). Pergamon Press, New York. 30. Gunnar Böðvarsson 1961. Physical characteristics of natural heat resources in Iceland. Jökull 11. 29–38. 31. Guðmundur Pálmason 1973. Crustal structure of Iceland from explosion seismology. Societas Scientiarum Islandica XL. 187 bls. 32. Ólafur G. Flóvenz 1980. Seismic structure of the Icelandic crust above layer three and the relation between body wave velocity and the altera- tion of the basaltic crust. J. Geophys. 47. 211–220. 33. McBirney, A.R. 1984. Igneous petrology. Oxford University Press. 504 bls. 34. Forrester, R.W. & Taylor, H.P. 1977. O-18/O-16, D/H, and C-13/C-12 studies of Tertiary igneous complex of Skye, Scotland. Amer. J. Sci. 277. 136–177. 35. Taylor, H.P. & Forester, R.W. 1979. An oxygen and hydrogen isotope study of the Skaergaard intrusion and its country rocks: a description of 55 m.y. old fossil hydrothermal system. Journal of Petrology 20. 355–419. 36. Ágúst Guðmundsson 1987. Formation and mechanics of magma reser- voirs in Iceland. Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc. 91. 27–41. 37. Walker, G.P.L. 1974. Eruptive mechanisms in Iceland. Bls. 189–201 í: Geodynamics of Iceland and the North Atlantic Area (ritstj. Leó Kristjánsson). Dordrecht, Boston. 38. Þráinn Friðriksson, Bjarni Reyr Kristjánsson, Halldór Ármannsson, Eygerður Margrétardóttir, Snjólaug Ólafsdóttir & Chiodini, G. 2006. CO2 emissions and heat flow through soil, fumaroles, and steam heated mud pools at the Reykjanes geothermal area, SW Iceland. Applied Geochem- istry 21. 1551–1569. 39. Þröstur Hrafnkelsson 2011. Svartsengi: Árlegt eftirlit með vatnsvinnslu vatnsveitunnar og hitaveitunnar og endurskoðun grunnvatnslíkans fyrir árið 2010. Vatnaskil verkfræðistofa. 95 bls. (skýrsla unnin fyrir HS-orku). 40. Kristján Sæmundsson & Ingvar Birgir Friðleifsson 1980. Jarðhiti og jarð- fræðirannsóknir. Náttúrufræðingurinn 50. 157–188. 41. Gunnar Böðvarsson 1983. Temperature/flow statistics and thermome- chanics of low-temperature geothermal systems in Iceland. J. Volc. Geo- thermal Res. 19. 255–280. 42. Halldór Ármannsson, Ágúst Guðmundsson & Benedikt Steingrímsson 1987. Exploration and development of the Krafla geothermal area. Jökull 37. 13–30. 43. Giroud, N.G. 2008. A chemical study of arsenic, boron and gases in high- temperature fluids in Iceland. Doktorsritgerð, Háskóli Íslands. 110 bls. 44. Coumou, D., Driesner, T. & Heinrich C.A. 2008. Heat transport at boiling, near-critical conditions. Geofluids 8. 208–215. 45. Saar, M.O. 2011. Review: Geothermal heat as a tracer of large-scale groundwater flow and as a means to determine permeability fields. Hydrogeology Journal 19. 31–52. 46. Stefán Arnórsson, Andri Stefánsson & Jón Örn Bjarnason 2007. Fluid- fluid interaction in geothermal systems. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 65 (ritstj. Liebscher, A. & Heinrich, C.A.). 259–312. 47. Helgi Björnsson 1966. Suðuhiti í borholum. Orkustofnun, Reykjavík. 9 bls. 48. Truesdell, A.H. 1991. Origin of acid fluids in geothermal reservoirs. Geo- thermal Resources Council Trans 15. 289–296. 49. Truesdell, A.H., Haizlip, J.R., Halldór Ármannsson & D'Amore, F. 1989. Origin and transport of chloride in superheated geothermal steam. Geo- thermics 18. 295–304. 50. Giggenbach, W.F. & Corrales, S.R. 1992. Isotopic and chemical composi- tion of water and steam discharges from volcanic-magmatic-hydrother- mal systems of the Guanacaste Geothermal Province, Costa Rica. Appl. Geochem. 7. 309–332. 51. Angcoy, E.C. 2010. Geochemical modelling of the high-temperature Mahanagdong geothermal field. Mastersritgerð, Háskóli Íslands. 130 bls. 52. Halldór Ármannsson, Gestur Gíslason & Trausti Hauksson 1982. Mag- matic gases in well fluids aid the mapping of flow pattern in a geother- mal system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46. 167–177. 53. Jón Örn Bjarnason & Magnús Ólafsson 2000. Í Torfajökli: efni í jarðgufu og vatni. Skýrsla Orkustofnunar OS-2000/030. 102 bls. 54. Poreda, R.J. & Stefán Arnórsson 1992. Helium isotopes in Icelandic geothermal systems: II. Helium-heat relationships. Geochim. Cosmo- chim. Acta 56. 4229–4235. 55. Stefán Arnórsson 2004. Environmental impact of geothermal energy utilization. Bls. 297–336 í: Energy, Waste and the Environment: A geo- chemical perspective (ritstj. Gieré, R. & Stille, P.). Geological Society of London, Special Publication 236. 297–336. 56. Kristján Sæmundsson 2011. Dulinn lághiti og virk eldstöðvarkerfi. Haustráðstefna jarðfræðafélags Íslands, 21. okt. 2011. 57. Stefán Arnórsson & Sigurður R. Gíslason 1990. Um uppruna lághita- svæða á Íslandi. Náttúrufræðingurinn 60. 39–56. 58. Ólafur G. Flóvenz & Kristján Sæmundsson 1993. Heat flow and geother- mal processes in Iceland. Tectonophys 225. 123–138.
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7
Page 8
Page 9
Page 10
Page 11
Page 12
Page 13
Page 14
Page 15
Page 16
Page 17
Page 18
Page 19
Page 20
Page 21
Page 22
Page 23
Page 24
Page 25
Page 26
Page 27
Page 28
Page 29
Page 30
Page 31
Page 32
Page 33
Page 34
Page 35
Page 36
Page 37
Page 38
Page 39
Page 40
Page 41
Page 42
Page 43
Page 44
Page 45
Page 46
Page 47
Page 48
Page 49
Page 50
Page 51
Page 52
Page 53
Page 54
Page 55
Page 56
Page 57
Page 58
Page 59
Page 60
Page 61
Page 62
Page 63
Page 64
Page 65
Page 66
Page 67
Page 68
Page 69
Page 70
Page 71
Page 72
Page 73
Page 74
Page 75
Page 76
Page 77
Page 78
Page 79
Page 80
Page 81
Page 82
Page 83
Page 84
Page 85
Page 86
Page 87
Page 88
Page 89
Page 90
Page 91
Page 92
Page 93
Page 94
Page 95
Page 96
Page 97
Page 98
Page 99
Page 100
Page 101
Page 102
Page 103
Page 104
Page 105
Page 106
Page 107
Page 108
Page 109
Page 110
Page 111
Page 112
Page 113
Page 114
Page 115
Page 116
Page 117
Page 118
Page 119
Page 120
Page 121
Page 122
Page 123
Page 124
Page 125
Page 126
Page 127
Page 128
Page 129
Page 130
Page 131
Page 132
Page 133
Page 134
Page 135
Page 136
Page 137
Page 138
Page 139
Page 140
Page 141
Page 142
Page 143
Page 144
Page 145
Page 146
Page 147
Page 148
Page 149
Page 150
Page 151
Page 152
Page 153
Page 154
Page 155
Page 156
Page 157
Page 158
Page 159
Page 160
Page 161
Page 162
Page 163
Page 164
Page 165
Page 166
Page 167
Page 168

x

Náttúrufræðingurinn

Direct Links

If you want to link to this newspaper/magazine, please use these links:

Link to this newspaper/magazine: Náttúrufræðingurinn
https://timarit.is/publication/337

Link to this issue:

Link to this page:

Link to this article:

Please do not link directly to images or PDFs on Timarit.is as such URLs may change without warning. Please use the URLs provided above for linking to the website.