Jökull


Jökull - 01.12.1984, Page 22

Jökull - 01.12.1984, Page 22
Fig. 7. Photograph of the eruption site taken on May 29, at 16 h, from an aeroplane. The eruption pit is under the southern caldera rim. The thin ash fan is visible to the south and the apron of tephra and ice on the plane to the northwest of the pit. According to the seismographs the eruption is in progress, but only occasional explosion was seen to break the water surface in the pit. Photo Páll Einarsson. 7. mynd. Gosstöðvarnar séðar úr lofti um kl. 16, 29. maí. Gígurinn er við suðurjaðar öskjunnar, beint undir Vestari Svíahnúk, enfrá honum má sjá þunna öskudreif til suðurs og gjóskuslettu á ísbreiðunni til norðvesturs. Samkvœmt óróa á skjálftamælum var gos í gangi þegar þessi mynd var tekin, en ekki sáust þó nema stakar sprengingar rjúfa vatnsyfirborðið. ociated with an inflating magma chamber. This interpretation is strengthened by the fact that the earthquakes ceased when the eruption began. Similar cessation of seismic activity has followed every deflation event of the Krafla volcano, and reflects the lowered stress in the crustal rocks around the magma chamber, when magma press- ure decreases. Assuming that the epicenters in Fig. 2 are correctly located, the magma chamber is situated under the SE rim of the main caldera. Whether this chamber is the same as that pre- sumed to feed the geothermal system in Gríms- vötn (Björnsson et al. 1982), a subdivision of it, or an independent reservoir, we cannot say. The earthquake swarm on May 28 probably reflects the process of fracturing of the chamber walls and subsequent propagation of magma away from the reservoir. The propagation must have been mostly vertical, since the epicentral area coincides with that of^the inflation earthqu- akes. Some lateral propagation must also have taken place, however, if the distance between the epicentral area and the eruption site seen in Fig. 3 is real. Earthquake swarms have preceded all recent eruptions in Iceland. The time from the beginning of the swarm to the outbreak of the eruption is variable, from about 25 minutes in the case of Hekla in 1980 (Grönvold et al. 1983) to 30 hours in Heimaey in 1973 (Einarsson and Björns- son 1979). In all cases the earthquakes have diminished or ceased when the magma reached the surface. If this also holds for Grímsvötn, the 20 JÖKULL 34. ÁR
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