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Jökull - 01.12.1984, Qupperneq 66

Jökull - 01.12.1984, Qupperneq 66
Fig. 9. Annual average acidities exceeding approx. 3.5 pequiv. H+/kg of ice in the Camp Century acid record. This figure is a revised version of Fig. 3 in Hammer et al. (1980). Note, that the revised figure is not comprehensive (see text for explanation). The values for the 4400 B.C. and 6230 B.C. eruptions represent average values over more than 1 year. Mynd 9. Árlegt meðaltal sýrumagns sem nær yfir 3.5 míkró jafngildi H+lkg íss í ískjarnanum frá Camp Century. Chemical analysis of the high acidity segments of the cores should be standard procedure and correlation between cores must be undertaken. What about tephra, or to be more specific, what about fine grained tephra? Can the erup- tions be “fingerprinted” by searching for fine ash-tephra in the ice? If this becomes possible, ice core information would be more naturally linked to the many case studies offered by the science of volcanology. In Antarctic ice cores visible tephra layers have been traced back to specific Antarctic volcanoes, but “fingerprint” studies based on the chemical composition of the acids are much more problematic. The ice core segments of high acidity do indi- cate, where in the core it may be profitable to search for fine grained tephra or/and determine the chemical composition of the acid. A first step could be to analyze an ice segment identified by the acid fallout from a well known eruption e.g. Tambora 1815. However, the lack of large ash particles in the ice segment will imply a rather time consuming analysis and the findings may be difficult to interpret. It will probably take some time before the analysis of chemical composition both of the acids and individual solid particles can compete with the fast and easy acidity method, but in the meantime it is worthwhile to explore the potentiality of the acidity method. SOME FINAL REMARKS This article has naturally been concentrated on Icelandic eruptions. Only a few eruptions have been mentioned, but among them are some of the most impressive eruptions during the Holo- cene. The Lakagígar eruption played an essential role in relating acidity records from ice cores to volcanic records, but the works of Sigurður Thor- arinsson and the inspiration I received from him were of equal importance. Therefore, I dedicate this paper to the Memory of Sigurdur Thorarins- son. Note added in proof: Recent evidence proves the high acidity layer in 1360 to be caused by strong percolation, i.e. it is not a volcanic signal. REFERENCES Clausen, H.B. (personal communication, 1982). Dansgaard, W. 1964: Stable isotopes in precipita- tion. Tellus 16: 436-468. Fisher, D.A. (personal communication, 1982). Froggatt, P.C. 1981: Did Taupo’s eruption enhance European sunsets? Nature 293: 491. Gow, A.J. and T. Williamson 1971: Volcanic ash in the Antarctic Ice Sheet and its possible climatic implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 13: 210-218. Hammer C.U. 1977: Past volcanism revealed by Greenland Ice Sheet impurities. Nature, 270: 482-486. 64 JÖKULL 34. ÁR
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