Jökull


Jökull - 01.12.1984, Page 160

Jökull - 01.12.1984, Page 160
Haraldur Sigurðsson og S.R.J. Sparks 1978: Lat- eral magma flow within rifted Icelandic crust Nature 274: 126-130. Haukur Jóhannesson 1983: Gossaga Grímsvatna 1900-1983 í stuttu máli. Jökull 33: 146-147 (In Icelandic with English summary). Helgi Björnsson 1974: Explanation of Jökul- hlaups from Grímsvötn, Vatnajökull, Iceland. Jökull. 24: 1-26 íslendingur 1933, 14. árg. 53 tbl. Jóhannes Askelsson 1936: On the last eruptions in Vatnajökull. Vísindafélag íslendinga, Rit 17, 55 pp. Kristján Sœmundsson 1982: Öskjur á virkum eld- fjallasvæðum á íslandi. / (ritstjórn) Helga Þórarinsdóttir, Ólafur H. Óskarsson, Sigurð- ur Steinþórsson og Þorleifur Einarsson: Eldur er í norðri. Sögufélagið, Reykjavík, 221-239. (In Icelandic) Morgunblaðið 1933,20. árg. 15., 259., 260., 281., 283., 284., 285., 286., 287., 288., 289., 299. tbl. Nýja Dagblaðið 1933, 1. árg. 9., 30., 31., 32., 33., 37., 39. tbl. Nýja Dagblaðið 1934, 2. árg. 89. tbl. Ólafur Jónsson 1945: Ódáðahraun. 2. bindi. Bókaútgáfan Norðri, Reykjavík, 447 pp. (In Icelandic). Sigurður Steinþórsson 1978: Tephra layers in a drill core from the Vatnajökull ice cap. Jök- ull. 27: 2-27. Sigurður Pórarinsson 1974: Vötnin Stríð. Saga Skeiðarárhlaupa og Grímsvatnagosa. Bókaút- gáfa Menningarsjóðs, Reykjavík, 254 pp. (In Icelandic). Sigurður Pórarinsson og Kristján Sæmundsson 1979: Volcanic activity in historical time. Jök- ull 29: 27-30. Sveinn P. Jakobsson, 1979: Petrology of Recent basalts of the Eastern Volcanic Zone, Ice- land. Acta Naturalia Islandica, 26, 103 pp. Veðurfarsbók 1933— í vörslu Veðurstofu íslands. Vísir 1933, 23. árg. 305., 329., 332. tbl. Veðráttan, 1933. Veðurstofa íslands. Veðráttan, 1934. Veðurstofa fslands. SUMMARY THE GRÍMSVÖTN ERUPTION IN 1933 Thorarinsson (1974) wrote a comprehensive account of the volcanic activity of the Grímsvötn volcanic system in the last 1100 years. He reports two eruptions in this century, in 1922 and 1934, respectively and a probable eruption in 1938. In the light of the small eruption in late May and early June 1983, Jóhannesson (1983) has reviewed the volcanic history of Grímsvötn this century. He presented evidence for 8 eruptions in the Grímsvötn volcanic system, in the years 1902-05, 1922, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1945,1954 and 1983 and probable eruptions in 1939, 1941 and 1948. In this paper the evidence for the 1933 eruption is presented. Newspaper reports from late November and early December 1933 suggest volcanic activity in the northwestern part of the Vatnajökull ice cap. The reports include descriptions of columns of fire, eruption (vapour or ash?) columns and light- nings, along with minor ashfall. The first sight- ings of the eruption were in the afternoon of November the 30th but the eruption may have started as early as the 28th of November. The last sighting was in the early morning of December the 8th. The location of the eruption site was deter- mined by means of aims towards the eruption from four different places. The aims intersect about 11—12 km north of the southeastern rim of the Grímsvötn caldera (Fig. 1) and the eruption is supposed to be within the fault swarm which stretches northeast from the Grímsvötn caldera (Fig. 2). No jökulhlaup (glacial burst) accompa- nied the eruption. A short distance west of the supposed eruption site, a small cauldron was formed in the course of the 1938 Grímsvötn jökulhlaup, most likely due to a subglacial erup- tion which did not break through the ice cap. The 1933 eruption may have been a forerunner to the major eruption in March-April 1934 which was accompanied by a jökulhlaup. By compari- son with the rifting event in the Krafla volcanic system, the 1933 eruption may represent a minor rifting episode. 158 JÖKULL 34. ÁR
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