Læknaneminn - 01.10.2002, Blaðsíða 19
að gera frekari rannsóknir þar sem mismunagreining-
ar eru fáar og frekari rannsóknir á vökvanum bæta
litlu við. Ef vökvinn er vilsa og greining hefur ekki
fengist ætti að gera lokaða fleiðrusýnatöku eða
fleiðruspeglun (mynd 7). Fleiðruspeglun lungnalækna
er ekki almenn hér á landi en ef svo verður má vel
liugsa sér að hún muni að hluta koma í stað lokaðrar
fleiðrusýnatöku.
Lokaorð
Vökvasöfnun í fleiðruhol er algengt klínískt vandamál
sem tengist mörgum sérgreinum læknisfræðinnar og
því nauðsynlegt fyrir alla lækna að þekkja nokkuð urn
fleiðruna, vökvasöfnun í fleiðruhol og greiningarað-
ferðir.
Heimildir
1. Light RW. Pleural Effusion. N Engl J Med
2002;346(25): 1971 - 1977.
2. Guðmundsson G, Jónsson MS. Fleiðruholsvökvi:
Rannsókn á níutíu og sex sjúklingum á Borgarspítala.
Læknablaðið 1992;78:357-361.
3. Light RW. Pleural diseases. 4th ed. Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
4. Broaddus VC, Araya M, Carlton DP, Bland RD.
Developnrental changes in pleural liquid protein
concentration in sheep. Am Rev Respir Dis
1991; 143( 1 ):38-41.
5. Wang NS. The preformed stomas connecting the
pleural cavity and the lymphatics in the parietal
pleura. Am Rev Respir Dis 1975; 111(1): 12-20.
6. Wiener-Kronish JP, Matthay MA, Callen PW,
Filly RA, Gamsu G, Staub NC. Relationship of pleural
effusions to pulmonary hemodynamics in patients
with congestive heart failure. Anr Rev Respir Dis
1985; 132(6): 1253-6.
7. Sahn SA. State of the art. The pleura. Am Rev
Respir Dis 1988; 138( 1): 184-234.
8. Light RW, Macgregor MI, Luchsinger PC, Ball
WC, Jr. Pleural effusions: the diagnostic separation of
transudates and exudates. Ann Intern Med
1972;77(4):507-13.
9. Johnston WW. The malignant pleural effusion. A
review of cytopathologic diagnoses of 584 specimens
from 472 consecutive patients. Cancer
1985;56(4):905-9.
10. Chernow B, Sahn SA. Carcinomatous involvem-
ent of the pleura: an analysis of 96 patients. Am J Med
1977;63(5):695-702.
11. Sahn SA. Malignant pleural effusions. Semin
Respir Med 1987;9:43-53.
12. Fracchia AA, Knapper WH, Carey JT, Farrow
JH. Intrapleural chenrotherapy for effusion from
metastatic breast carcinonra. Cancer 1970;26(3):626-
9.
13. Romero S, Candela A, Martin C, Hernandez L,
Trigo C, Gil J. Evaluation of different criteria for the
separation of pleural transudates from exudates. Chest
1993; 104(2):399-404.
14. Bartter T, Santarelli R, Akers SM, Pratter MR.
The evaluation of pleural effusion. Chest
1994; 106(4): 1209-14.
15. Light RW, Erozan YS, Ball WC, Jr. Cells in
pleural fluid. Their value in differential diagnosis.
Arch Intern Med 1973; 132(6):854-60.
16. Yam LT. Diagnostic significance of lymphocyt-
es in pleural effusions. Ann Intern Med
1967;66(5):972-82.
17. Nance KV, Shermer RW, Askin FB. Diagnostic
efficacy of pleural biopsy as compared with that of
pleural fluid examination. Mod Pathol 1991 ;4(3):320-
4.
18. Prakash UB, Reiman HM. Comparison of
needle biopsy with cytologic analysis for the evalu-
ation of pleural effusion: analysis of 414 cases. Mayo
Clin Proc 1985;60(3): 158-64.
19. Escudero Bueno C, Garcia Clemente M, Cuesta
Castro B, Molinos Martin L, Rodriguez Ramos S,
Gonzalez Panizo A, et al. Cytologic and bacteriologic
analysis of fluid and pleural biopsy specimens with
Cope’s needle. Study of414 patients. Arch Intern Mcd
1990; 150(6): 1190-4.
20. Jarvi OH, Kunnas RJ, Laitio MT, Tyrkko JE. The
accuracy and significance of cytologic cancer di-
agnosis of pleural effusions. (A followup study of 338
patients). Acta Cytol 1972; 16(2): 152-8.
21. Melanred M. The cytological presentation of
malignant lymphomas and related diseases in
effusions. Cancer 1963; 16:413 -431.
22. Abrams L. New inventions: a pleural biopsy
punch. Lancet 1958; 1:30 - 31.
23. Hirsch A, Ruffie P, Nebut M, Bignon J, Chretien
.1. Pleural effusion: laboratory tests in 300 cases.
Thorax 1979;34( 1)406-12.
24. Poe RH, Israel RH, Utell MJ, Hall WJ, Green-
blatt DW, Kallay MC. Sensitivity, specificity, and
predictive values of closed pleural biopsy. Arch Intern
Med 1984; 144(2):325-8.
25. Scerbo .1, Keltz H, Stone DJ. A prospective stu-
dy of closed pleural biopsies. Jama 1971;218(3):377-
80.
26. Frist B, Kahan AV, Koss LG. Comparison of the
17