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BYGGÐALEIFAR Á ÞÓRSMÖRK
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APPENDIX 1
Contemporary soil erosion in Þórsmörk, Southern Iceland
John Gerrard (Birmingham University).
Iceland is one of the most severely eroded countries in the world. It has been estimated that
more than one half of the vegetation cover, present at the time of settlement, has been destroyed,
and that the fertility of the remaining soil has been greatly reduced (Bjarnason, 1978). The natural
climax vegetation of birch forest and shrubs has been reduced to about 1.000 km2 from an origin-
al estimated cover of 40.000 km2. Also, the areas of birch forest still present are deteriorating very
rapidly under the combined pressure of heavy grazing and erosion. The evidence for soil erosion
m historic times and many of its effects have been described by Þórarinsson (1962). The area of
Þórsmörk, with its protected area of birchwood surrounded by bare, intensively eroded hill-