Læknablaðið - 15.02.1995, Blaðsíða 10

126
LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1995; 81
Dýra- og mannsbit
Kristján Oddsson11, Guörún Stefánsdóttir2’, Brynjólfur Mogensen3,4’, Sigurður Guðmundsson12'4’
Oddsson K, Stefánsdóttir G, Mogenscn B, Gud-
mundsson S
Borgarspitalinn and University of Iceland, Reykja-
vík, Iceland
Animal and human bites in Iceland
Læknablaðið 1995; 81: 126-132
Information on incidence, epidemiology and com-
plications of human and animal bites in Nordic
countries is limited, but these injuries can carry seri-
ous infectious complications. We conducted a pro-
spective study at the Borgarspitalinn Emergency
Department (ED) from August 1991 to July 1992.
During this time 145 individuals entered the ED due
to bites (accounting for ~0.4% of all admissions to
the ED); 66 subjects (46%) had been bitten by dogs
(41 provoked), 29 (20%) by cats, 34 (23%) by hu-
mans and 16 (11%) by other animals (horse, rabbit,
hamster, rat, parrot, piraiiha fish, guinea pig,
mink).
The victims of dog and human bites were primarily
men under 30 years of age, 73% and 79%, respec-
tively. Dog and human bites were most common
during the summer months and 41% of subjects
bitten by humans were inebriated. Culture speci-
mens were obtained on admission from 67 subjects,
31 from dog bites (58% positive), 10 from cat bites
(80% positive), 19 from human bites (84% positive)
and 7 from other bites (43% positive). The most
common organisms isolated from dog bites were
B-hemolytic streptococci, S. aureus and CDC M-5,
from cat bites Pasturella multocida, Flavobacterium
sp. and from human bites S. aureus and B-hemolytic
streptococci.
Prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed to 92 (63%)
of the victims. Clinical infection was observed in 23
Frá '’lyflækninga-, 2)sýkla- og 3)slysadeild Borgarspítalans,
“'læknadeild Háskóla (slands, Reykjavík. Fyrirspurnir,
bréfaskipti: Siguröur Guðmundsson, lyflækningadeild
Landspítalans, 101 Reykjavík.
(16%) individuals. The infection rates after dog, cat
and human bites were 8%, 28% and 29%, respec-
tively. Three individuals bitten by humans had to be
hospitalized due to osteomyelitis and/or severe cel-
lulitis. The demography of bites in this study was
similar to that reported elsewhere. Infection rates
were comparatively low, possibly due to current
habits of prophylactic antimicrobial use.
Ágrip
Upplýsingar um faraldsfræði og afleiðingar
bita dýra og manna eru af skornum skammti á
Norðurlöndum. Gerð var framsýn athugun á
öllum sem leituðu til slysadeildar Borgarspítal-
ans vegna bitsára frá ágúst 1991 til júlíloka
1992.
A tímabilinu leituðu 145 manns til deildar-
innar vegna þessa, ~0,4% heildarheimsókna.
Vegna hundsbits komu 66 (46%, 41 af tilefni),
kattarbits 29 (20%) mannsbits 34 (23%) og 16
(11%) vegna bits annarra dýra. Þeir sem hund-
ar og menn bitu voru flestir karlmenn undir 30
ára (73% og 79%); 41% mannsbita tengdust
ölvun. Af öllum þolendum bita voru 38% börn
12 ára og yngri. Fjörutíu og sjö prósent kvenna
sem kettir bitu voru yfir 40 ára.
Ræktunarsýna var aflað frá 67 (46%) manns
við komu, 31 frá hundsbitum (58% jákvæð), 10
frá kattarbitum (80% jákvæð) og 19 frá manns-
bitum (84% jákvæð). Helstu sýklar sem rækt-
uðust frá hundsbitum voru 6-hemólýtískir
streptókokkar, S. aureus og CDC M-5, frá
kattarbitum Pasturella multocida, Flavobacter-
ium sp. og frá mannsbitum S. aureus og 6-
hemólýtískir streptókokkar.
Sýklalyfjum í varnarskyni var ávísað til 92
einstaklinga (63%) venjulega í þrjá til fimm
daga. Klíníska sýkingu fengu 22 (15%) og var
sýkingartíðni eftir hundsbit 8%, 28% eftir
kattarbit og 29% eftir mannsbit. Inn á sjúkra-
hús þurfti að leggja þrjá einstaklinga, tvo eftir
kattarbit og einn eftir mannsbit.
Dýra- og mannsbit eru fremur fátítt vanda-